MSCT肾动脉造影与尿路造影同步显示对尿路梗阻性疾病诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）与多层螺旋CT尿路造影（MSCTU）同步显示对尿路梗阻性病变的诊断价值。方法对36例经超声或IVU拟诊为尿路梗阻的患者行MSCTA、MSCTU同步显示扫描,并通过后处理重组技术获得图像。结果36例尿路梗阻中肾及输尿管畸形3例,副肾动脉压迫肾盂输尿管连接处4例,泌尿系结石16例,泌尿系炎症5例,外源性压迫3例,泌尿系占位5例。结论MSCTA与MSCTU同步显示技术能同时清晰显示血管与集合系统,可提高尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断能力,并有效减少辐射剂量。     

64层螺旋CT胸部低剂量扫描方案优选的多中心研究

目的 比较自动曝光控制技术(AEC)与管电流恒定技术(CCC)2种不同低剂量MSCT扫描方案对胸部CT图像质量的影响,探讨更加合理的肺低剂量扫描参数方案.方法 采用前瞻性多中心研究方法,研究对象为7所医院就诊的280例行胸部低剂量MSCT检查的受检者,设定管电流(mA)为研究变量,方法一为AEC技术,下设噪声标准差值(SD)为25(A1)及30(A2)各1组,并设定管电流上限为80 mA,下限为10 mA;方法二为CCC技术,下设40 mA(C1)及50 mA(C2)各1组;共4组,采用同一机型64层MSCT行胸部低剂量扪描.2名放射科医师应用双肓法阅片,比较2种不同扫描技术的曝光剂量、SD值,横断面、MPR的图像质量以及体质量指数(BMI)对图像质量的影响.曝光剂量及SD比较行方差分析及t检验;图像质量比较行Mann-Whitney检验;医师对图像诊断一致性检验行Kappa分析.结果 剂量长度乘积(DLP)AEC组较CCC组明显降低[(82.62±40.31)和(110.81±18.21)mGy·cm,F=56.88,P＜0.01].AEC技术中A2组DLP较A1组低[(72.77±36.68)和(92.46±41.61)mGy·cm],差异无统计学意义(t=0.82,P＞0.05).前者SD值在肺窗[(41.50±9.58)和(40.86±7.03)HU]及纵隔窗[(41.19±7.83)和(40.92±9.89)HU]均略高于后者,差异无统计学意义(F肺窗=0.835、1.910,P值均＞0.05).横断面图像质量AEC组肺窗得分除右下肺静脉水平[(4.92±0.25)和(4.93±0.17)分]、[左膈顶上缘水平(4.91±0.27)和(4.93±0.22)分]较CCC组略低外,AEC组得分均较CCC组略高[头臂静脉上缘(4.49±0.56)和(4.38±0.64)分;主动脉弓上缘(4.86±0.23)和(4.81±0.32)分;右肺上叶支气管开口(4.87±0.27)和(4.84±0.22)分;右肺中叶支气管开口(4.90±0.25)和(4.88±0.21)分],差异无统计学意义(F=0.076～1.748,P值均＞0.05);纵隔窗得分除头臂静脉上缘水平AEC组较CCC组高[(2.57±0.77)和(2.46±0.59)分],且差异有统计学意义(F=8.459,P=0.047)外,余各层面AEC组得分均较CCC组略低[(主动脉弓上缘(3.36±0.63)和(3.45±0.60)分;右肺上叶支气管开口(3.94±0.56)和(3.95±0.51)分;右肺中叶支气管开口(3.80±0.58)和(3.87±0.50)分;右下肺静脉(3.72±0.56)和(3.78±0.53)分;左膈顶上方(3.58±0.63)和(3.68 ±0.56)分],但差异均无统计学意义(F=0.083～3.380,P值均＞0.05).MPR图像质量肺窗及纵隔窗观察均略好于CCC组(Z肺窗=-2.358,Z纵隔窗=-1.330,P值均＞0.05).偏瘦、正常或偏重人群组,A1组肺窗及纵隔窗图像质量均优于A2组,差异无统计学意义(偏瘦:Z肺窗=0.000、Z纵隔窗=0.000;正常:Z肺窗=-0.062、Z纵隔窗=-0.746;偏重:Z肺窗=-1.177、Z纵隔窗=-1.715;P值均＞0.05),但在偏重人群纵隔窗图像质量A1组更好于A2组(Z=-1.715,P=0.144).结论 AEC组总曝光剂量明显低于CCC组,而AEC组的图像质量及SD值无论在肺窗或纵隔窗均与CCC组无明显差异,故建议在胸部低剂量筛查方案选择中应用AEC技术,对偏胖者宜采用SD=25方案,对正常及偏瘦者宜采用SD=30方案.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the image quality of chest low dose CT (LDCT) using automatic exposure control (AEC) and constant current control (CCC) and explore a more reasonable scanning protocol. Methods Two hundred and eighty participants were examined with 64 CT scanner at 7 centers in China. All were divided into 4 groups. Two groups underwent LDCT using AEC with standard deviation set at 25 (A1) and 30 (A2) respectively and the tube current ranged from 10 mA to 80 mA. The other two groups underwent LDCT using CCC with tube current set at 40 mA (C1) and 50 mA (C2) respectively. The axial and MPR images were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded to the scanning protocols.The radiation dose, noise and the image quality of the 4 groups were compared and analyzed statistically.Differences of radiation dose and noise among groups were determined with variance analysis and t test,image quality with Mann-Whitney test and the consistency of diagnosis with Kappa test. Results There was a significant lower DLP in AEC group than in CCC group [(82.62±40.31)vs ( 110.81±18.21) mGy·cm (F =56. 88 ,P ＜ 0. 01 )], whereas no significant difference was observed between group A2 and group A1 0. 05]. The noisy of AEC group was higher than that of CCC group both on lung window(41.50±9.58 vs 40.86±7.03) and mediastinum window (41.19±7.83 vs 40.92±9.89), but there was no significant difference( Flung =0.835, P=0.476, Fmediastinum =1.910, P=0.128).The quality score of axial image in AEC group was higher than that in CCC group (superior margin of the brachiocephalic vein level: 4.49±0.56 vs4.38±0.64,superior margin of the aortic arch: 4.86±0.23 vs 4.81±0.32,the right superior lobar bronchus Level:4.87±0.27 vs 4. 84 ± 0. 22, the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 4.90±0.25 vs 4.88±0.21) except on the right inferior pulmonary vein level(4. 92 ±0. 25 vs 4. 93 ±0. 17) and superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level (4. 91±0.27 vs 4.93±0.22) on lung window, but no significant differences (F=0.076-1.748, P＞0.05) were observed. A significant higher score in AEC group was observed on mediastinum window compared with CCC group on superior margin of brachiocephalic vein level (2.57±0.77 vs 2. 46 ± 0. 59, F = 8. 459, P ＜ 0. 05 ), however, the score of AEC group was lower than that of CCC group on other levels without significant differences (superior margin of the aortic arch:3.36 ±0. 63 vs 3.45 ±0. 60,the right superior lobar bronchus level: 3.94 ±0. 56 vs 3. 95 ±0. 51 ,the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 3.80 ±0. 58 vs 3. 87 ±0. 50,the right inferior pulmonary vein level: 3.72 ±0. 56 vs 3.78 ±0. 53, superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level: 3.58 ± 0.63 vs 3.68±0.56,F=0.083-3.380,P ＞ 0.05 ). The MPR image quality of AEC group was better than that of CCC group both on lung window and mediastinum window (Zlung =-2.258, Zmedlastinum=-1.330, P＞0.05). For all participants including the underweighted group, the normal group and the overweighted group, the image quality of A1 group was better than that of A2 group without significant differences (the underweighted group: Zlung=0.000, P=1.000, Zmedastinum= 0.000, P=1.000;the normal group: Zlung =-0.062, P=0.950, Zmediastinum =-0.746, P = 0.456; the overweighted group: Zlung = - 1.177, P = 0.239,Zmediastinum =-1.715, P=0.144) both on lung and mediastinum windows, and for the higher BMI participants, a better image quality was obtained in A1 group than in A2 group on the mediastinum window (Z = -1. 715, P = 0. 144). Conclusions The total radiation exposure dose of AEC group is significantly lower than that of CCC group, but no statistical significant differences are observed between both groups in image quality and noise level. The AEC technique is highly recommended in thoracic LDCT scan for screening program, and the SD25 ( SD value = 25) scan protocol is suggested for higher BMI population while the SD30 (SD value = 30) scan protocol for lower BMI population.     

中医药为主治疗"非典"患者康复一年后影像学追踪

目的追踪中医药为主治疗“非典”患者康复出院一年后肺部及髋关节影像学表现。方法对我院治愈出院一年后的33例“非典”患者行胸部螺旋CT扫描及双髋关节X线、MRI扫描等检查。结果33例“非典”随访者中胸部CT扫描有21例（63．64％）无异常、12例（36．36％）异常；髋关节X线检查发现30例（90．91％）无异常、3例（9．09％）异常；双髋关节MRI提示26例（78．79％）无异常，7例（21．21％）异常。结论本组中医药为主治疗的“非典”患者康复出院一年后，髋关节影像学随访观察未见与SARS疾病或激素治疗后相关并发症或后遗症；肺部影像学随访大多数无异常，少部分异常表现多与有基础病史、年龄等有关，也不排除“非典”疾病本身发病后所残留的部分纤维化。我们认为中医药为主治疗“非典”不仅有较好的疗效，而且肺部残留的纤维化、股骨头缺血性坏死的发病率均明显较低。     

周围型肺癌CT征象与病理对照研究

目的探讨原发性周围型肺癌(以下简称肺癌)螺旋CT征象与组织病理学间的相关性。方法回顾性分析56例原发性周围型肺癌螺旋CT征象及组织病理类型,对各种CT征象及其组织病理类型进行统计对照。结果不同组织病理类型病灶大小无统计学差异(P>0.05)。鳞癌病灶的分叶征较其他组织学类型病灶多见(P<0.05),且多伴有肺炎;腺癌病灶的毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征较其他组织学类型病灶多见(P<0.05),且多伴有胸腔积液;肺泡癌病灶的空泡征较其他组织学类型病灶多见。不同病理类型病灶的平扫CT值,增强60s后CT值及CT差值均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论原发性周围型肺癌螺旋CT征象与组织病理类型之间存在着一定的内在关系,CT检查可为周围型肺癌初步定性。     

多环节着手,全面提高影像学教学质量

针对中医院校影像教学多个环节存在的问题，我们充实师资队伍，成立影像教研室；组织专职老师编写相应教材；多方面搜集资料，精心准备，加强督导，提高课堂教学质量；加强实习学生管理，严格要求；重视实践，采取多种考试形式。上述措施使影像教学质量得到全面提高。     

中晚期周围型肺癌临床分期病理分型与中医证型相关性研究

目的:研究中晚期原发性周围型肺癌临床分期、病理分型与中医临床证型的相关性。方法:收集56例中晚期原发性周围型肺癌(以下简称肺癌)肺癌临床分期、组织病理学类型及中医临床证型资料,按照中医辨证分组:分为肺郁痰瘀、脾虚痰湿、阴虚痰热、气阴两虚4种证型,研究临床分期、组织病理学类型与各中医证型间的相关性。结果:4种证型中以肺郁痰瘀型多见(37.5%)。不同中医证型的病理类型具有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺郁痰瘀型以鳞癌多见;脾虚痰湿型以肺泡癌多见;阴虚痰热型以腺癌多见;不同临床分期的中医证型不具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:原发性周围型肺癌组织病理学与中医证型之间存在着一定的内在关系。     

中晚期周围型肺癌临床分期病理分型与中医证型相关性研究

目的：研究中晚期原发性周围型肺癌临床分期、病理分型与中医临床证型的相关性。方法：收集56例中晚期原发性周围型肺癌（以下简称肺癌）肺癌临床分期、组织病理学类型及中医临床证型资料，按照中医辨证分组：分为肺郁痰瘀、脾虚痰湿、阴虚痰热、气阴两虚4种证型，研究临床分期、组织病理学类型与各中医证型间的相关性。结果：4种证型中以肺郁痰瘀型多见（37．5％）。不同中医证型的病理类型具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；肺郁痰瘀型以鳞癌多见；脾虚痰温型以肺泡癌多见；阴虚痰热型以腺癌多见；不同临床分期的中医证型不具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：原发性周围型肺癌组织病理学与中医证型之间存在着一定的内在关系。     

肺硬化性血管瘤的MSCT征象

目的探讨肺硬化性血管瘤(pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma,PSH)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实的PSH患者的MSCT征象。结果 9例患者中,7例为单发病灶,2例为多发病灶。病灶大小为1.2 cm×1.3 cm～6.5 cm×6.2 cm;CT平扫均表现为"圆"形或"卵圆"形软组织结节或肿块;2例可见突入支气管内生长,2例呈"分叶征",2例可见钙化,1例示"晕征",1例示"空气半月征";增强扫描病灶明显持续性强化,部分呈"花斑"样。5例示"贴边血管征"。结论边界清晰、光滑,密度均匀、明显持续性强化为PSH的主要表现,综合分析其他征象更有利于提高其诊断准确率。     

脐尿管病变的MSCT诊断价值

目的 探讨脐尿管病变的多排螺旋CT（MSCT）征象,以提高对其认识水平.方法 回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实脐尿管病变的MSCT征象.结果 16例脐尿管病变均发生于脐尿管走行区域,其中脐尿管残留合并感染14例,表现为长圆形单房或多房的囊性病灶,囊壁毛糙.增强扫描强化明显,周围脂肪间隙炎性水肿渗出.术前CT诊断符合率为100%.脐尿管肿瘤2例,均发生于脐尿管膀胱交界区,呈不规则软组织肿块,增强后肿块明显强化.其中1例术前诊断正确,1例提示诊断.结论 MSCT轴位图像结合后处理重组技术能够清晰显示脐尿管病变的部位及性质.     

婴儿型多囊肾的影像学诊断

目的 提高对婴儿型多囊肾的影像学认识.方法 回顾性分析3例婴儿型多囊肾的超声及CT影像学表现,并结合相关文献进行总结.结果 婴儿型多囊肾CT平扫表现为双肾增大呈分叶状,增强扫描双肾可见放射状排列高密度影,合并不同程度肝脾肿大及肝纤维化.超声表现为双肾增大并广泛成簇的强回声,并伴有不同程度肝脾肿大.结论 结合家族史及临床...