彩色多普勒超声诊断宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠的临床价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2013年12月收治的19例体外受精-胚胎移植术后临床诊断为宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠患者的术前彩色多普勒超声图像特征,并随访其预后。结果:19例患者中,术前超声诊断为宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠18例(合并宫角妊娠8例,合并输卵管妊娠10例),1例漏诊。19例患者均住院手术治疗并进行随访,其中13例宫内妊娠已分娩或继续妊娠,2例行手术终止妊娠(1例因胚胎枯萎行手术终止妊娠,1例因难免流产行手术终止妊娠),2例自然流产,2例失访。结论:彩色多普勒超声对诊断宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠有重要价值,能够及早发现宫内妊娠合并宫外妊娠并指导临床处理。     

髋关节外展操干预对GrafⅡa型髋关节发育不良患儿的作用及安全性分析

目的研究髋关节外展操干预对GrafⅡa型髋关节发育不良(DDH)患儿的作用及安全性。方法选择2018年1月～9月我院接受治疗的GrafⅡa型DDH患儿134例作为观察对象,按照随机数字表法将患儿分为观察组和对照组,各67例。对照组予以常规健康指导。观察组给予髋关节外展操干预。比较两组髋关节角度、患儿家长对干预效果的满意度及干预安全性。结果两组干预后髋关节α角较干预前明显增大,β角较干预前明显减小(P0.05)。观察组干预后髋关节α角较对照组明显增大,β角较对照组明显减小(P0.05)。观察组患儿家长对干预效果的满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。两组干预安全性比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用髋关节外展操干预对GrafⅡa型DDH患儿的作用较好,且安全性较佳。     

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目的探寻肥胖与糖脂代谢异常的相关性及相应靶器官肝脏、心脏损害情况,以早期采取干预措施。方法选择2008年7月至2010年10月沈阳市儿童医院儿保门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖儿童516例为肥胖组,100名体检体重正常儿童为对照组。取空腹静脉血检测空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)等指标,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能值(HOMA-β);对肥胖儿童行口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)和胰岛素释放试验。对所有入组者均进行肝脏和心脏超声检查。结果肥胖组收缩压、舒张压均高于对照组(P<0.05),肥胖组高血压检出率为12.0%(62/516)。肥胖组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β均高于对照组(P<0.05);TC、TG、LDL-C均高于对照组,而HDL-C低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻、中、重度肥胖组脂肪肝发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且随肥胖程度加重,脂肪肝发生率明显增加(χ2=12.97,P<0.001)。肥胖组心包外脂肪增厚268例,平均厚度(3.372±0.098)mm,与对照组比较差异有统计...     

蛋氨酸合酶基因A275 6G位点多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的关联性研究

Objective To study the association of the A2756G polymorphism of the methionine synthase (MS) gene with nonsyndromie cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Chinese. Methods Ninety-seven NSCL/P case-parent triads were selected as the case group. One hundred and four healthy subjects and their biological parents were selected as control group. For all subjects the A2756G polymorphism of the MS gene was examined by PCR-RFLP method. Results There was no statistical difference in genotype and allele frequencies for MS A2756G variants among family members between case group and control group. The GG genotype was not detected in the offsprings and mothers. The odds ratio and confidence interval of genotype AG in offspring, father and mother were 1.78(0.74-4.34), 0.80(0. 36-1.79) and 1.26(0. 54-2.93) respectively. The odds ratio and confidence interval of allele G in offspring, father and mother were 1.70(0.78-3.73), 0. 88(0. 49-1. 75) , and 1.23(0.59-2.60) respectively. The G allele did not increase the risk of NSCL/P. Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis yielded no evidence of linkage disequilibrium (χ2=0.034,P>0. 05). The results of haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) analysis (χ2=0.03,P>0.05) and family-based association tests (FBAT) (Z=0. 186, P> 0.05) failed to show association between the MS A2756G variant and the risk of NSCL/P. Conclusion The A2756G polymorphism of the MS gene was not associated with NSCL/P in Chinese in the present study.     

胎儿生长受限仔鼠脂肪组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白4的表达和细胞转位变化

Objective To investigate the effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on the expressions and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipose tissue of male offsprings and its relationship with insulin resistance in FGR. Methods Male 8-week-old offspring from maternal with protein-malnutrition or normal diet were studied. The weight of rats at 8 weeks of age were obtained and insulin resistance index (IRI) was examined at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of age. Perinephric fat pads were harvested to measure the expression of GLUT4 mRNA by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and the GLUT4 protein level and insulin-stimulated transloeation were assessed by Western blot. Results Birth weight of FGR animals were significantly lower than that of control (t=6.399, P<0.01), but surpassed the control at 8 weeks with increased fasting IRI(P<0.05). The GLUT4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of FGR rats (0.36± 0.04) was lower than that of control (1.01±0.11) (t=2.854, P<0.05). Declined total GLUT4 protein concentration(913.47±87.32) was also noted in the FGR group compared with the controls (1248.30± 131.52) (t=2.617, P<0.05). After administration of insulin, plasma membrane associated-GLUT4 concentration significantly increased to 897.03±102.87, which was equal to 2.12 times of the basal level (423.05±41.26) in control rats(t=4.759, P<0.01). However, insulin-responsive GLUT4 transloeation was markedly blunted in FGR rats(525.12±54.96) compared with controls, only increased to 1.38 times of the basal level (379.57±38.71)(t=2.083, P<0.05). Conclusions Decreased GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated translocation in adipose tissue of the male FGR offspring might be caused by exposure to protein malnutrition during pregnancy, which may disturb the uptake and utilization of glucose and subsequently be related to diabetes mellitus in later life.     

荧光定量PCR在小儿肺炎支原体感染早期诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨荧光定量PCR检测在肺炎支原体感染的早期诊断价值及临床意义.方法 分别用咽拭子荧光定量PCR法和明胶颗粒凝集法检测122例下呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染情况并对两种检测方法进行比较.结果 与明胶颗粒凝集法相比,荧光定量PCR法有较高的敏感性(86.7%)和特异性(91.3%).在首次滴度＜1:160的110例患儿中,荧光定量PCR法检测阳性病例与第二次血清滴度呈4倍以上升高的病例符合率为90.9%.两种方法均在检测6岁以上儿童时阳性率最高;在婴幼儿组,荧光定量PCR法阳性率高于明胶颗粒凝集法,但差异无显著性(X2=2.29,P＞0.05).结论 荧光定量PCR法敏感度高,特异性强,操作简单,可以准确定量,可作为早期快速诊断儿童(尤其3岁以下患儿)肺炎支原体感染的方法.     

第二届“医学影像学专业”建设座谈会纪要

1993年5月6日—8日临床医学影像杂志社在昆明市召开第三届全国临床医学影像学术会议暨第二届医学影像学专业建设座谈会,邀请设置“医学影像学专业”的高等医学院校的院、系领导和有关教研室主任、教授及教学管理干部参加。参加会议的有中国医科大学、哈尔滨医科大学、天津第二医学院、泰山医学院、南京铁道医学院、牡丹江医学院、广州医学院、苏州医学院、白求恩医科大学及部分地方医院的有关专家共22人。国家教委高等教育司医药教育处姜常胜处长出席     

IRF6基因rs2235371位点多态性与非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂的相关性研究

目的 探讨干扰素调节因子6 (interferon regulatory factor 6,IRF6)基因rs2235371位点820G＞A单核苷酸多态性与非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL士P)的相关性.方法 收集106例患者及其父母以及129名对照及其父母的核心家庭标本,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性的方法进行IRF6基因rs2235371位点单核苷酸多态性检测;用人群关联研究、传递不平衡检验(transmission disequilibrium test,TDT)、单倍型相对风险率(haplotype-based haplotype relative risk,HHRR)、家系为基础的关联检验(family-based association tests,FBAT)等方法进行统计分析.结果 病例组与对照组相比,子代的基因型分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而等位基因频率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);母亲组基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);按唇腭裂类型分类后,单纯唇裂组子代基因型分布和等位基因的频率与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而唇腭裂组基因型分布和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).传递不平衡检验提示,rs2235371位点的G等位基因在NSCL±P核心家庭中存在传递不平衡(x2=5.56,P=0.024).HHRR检验x2=5.115,P=0.024,OR=1.674,95％CI:1.069～2.621;FBAT检验Z=2.218,P=0.027.结论 在中国北方人群中IRF6基因rs2235371位点突变与非综合征性唇腭裂存在关联.     

应用流程管理缩短院前急救出车时问的效果

目的探讨流程管理对院前急救出车时间的影响。方法评估院前急救出车现有流程,对存在的问题通过规范流程、优化流程、再造流程,全方位进行静态和动态的流程管理。比较流程管理前后院前急救出车时间。结果流程管理前后院前急救出车时间由（2．68±0．94）min缩短到（2．04±0．71）min,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;流程管理前后,除2—3min时间段的数据差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,其余时间段的数据差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论将流程管理应用于院前急救出车流程中,能有效缩短院前急救出车时间,提高院前急救出车效率。     

某市农村社区健康老年人主观幸福度评定的相关因素分析

目的探讨重庆市农村社区老年人主观幸福度及其影响因素。方法采用多级分层随机抽样方法,以纽芬兰大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)作为评定工具,对重庆市588名60岁及以上农村社区健康老年人主观幸福度进行调查。并采用多元回归分析方法分析影响老年人主观幸福度的相关因素。结果在588名健康老人中,MUNSH总分6～48分,平均(33.78±8.16)分,其中大于24分500例(85.03%);正性情感分(5.99±2.33),负性情感分(1.93±2.32),正性体验分(8.81±3.43),负性体验分(3.11±2.77)。MUNSH评分显示,低文化、无配偶、独居、亲子关系不良、经济收入低、有慢性病、生活能力差、认知水平高、社会支持低的老年人主观幸福度较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。认知水平、精神质、婚姻、社会支持、掩饰性、神经质、文化、亲子关系、内外向进入回归方程,决定系数R2=38.2%。结论农村社区健康老年人幸福度以正性情感占优势;影响老年人幸福度得分的主要因素包括认知水平、性格特征及家庭因素;提高老年人幸福度,应从这几个方面综合考虑。