撒拉族近亲婚配及后代遗传效应的调查研究

近亲婚配及后代遗传效应是人类遗传学和优生学研究的重要内容之一。了解我国不同地区不同民族近亲婚配及后代的健康状况是提高人口质量和制定优生法规的重要依据。我们于2002年暑假首次对青海省循化撒拉族自治县白庄乡、清水乡、查汗都斯乡和河北新村的撒拉族近亲婚配夫妇及其子女的健康状况进行了调查，现报告如下。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

陈丽宁:我们重在发展孤残儿童的特殊教育

人物:陈丽宁,广西南宁市社会福利院副院长时间:2006年11月8日地点:广州市广州大道北507号二楼2006年11月初,广西南宁市社会福利院陈丽宁副院长、医务科陈继红科长和重庆市第九人民医院儿童保健中心邵智主任等一行十四人来广东考察儿童特殊教育。在国家医疗保健器具工程技术研究中心,陈丽宁副院长和陈继红科长向记者讲述了社会福利院这个神秘的世界。记者:听说南宁市社会福利院有一群孩子,这群孩子总共有多少人?陈丽宁:我们有一大批孩子,有三、四百人吧。记者:我想了解一下这一大批孩子在心智发育方面是怎样的一个状况呢?陈丽宁:福利院的孩子…     

Barrett食管临床及内镜特点分析

Barrett食管（BE）与食管腺癌关系密切，是食管腺癌的癌前病变。现对我院近2年来确诊的BE患者的内镜下表现、临床特点及病理情况进行分析。     

塞来昔布对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的抑制作用

目的观察塞来昔布对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的抑制作用。方法以SD大鼠为供者,Wistar大鼠为受者,进行40次腹部异位心脏移植。采用HE染色和原位末端标记(TUN EL)技术检测移植心切片,进行排斥反应的病理分级并计算移植心肌细胞的凋亡指数(AI)。结果移植心的细胞凋亡主要发生于心肌细胞;移植后第3、5d,塞来昔布治疗组心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为:1.03±0.42和3.28±2.42;对照组分别为2.35±1.51和11.35±3.46;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论细胞凋亡是心脏移植急性排斥中组织损伤的重要机制;塞来昔布能明显抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

介绍一种新型粪便标本容器

目的 研究开发一种使用便捷、安全的粪便标本容器.方法 对研制的新型粪便标本容器进行了取样,标本混匀,加样涂片,细胞、寄生虫卵形态学镜检,潜血试验,标本中细菌杀灭情况的实验,同时与常规标本盒放置的标本进行对照试验.结果 对粪便标本取样方便;对细胞及寄生虫卵的检出无影响,标本放置48小时后镜检,标本中细胞成份保持良好,无破坏现象;对化学法、单克隆金标法潜血试验无影响;标本在容器中放置30分钟后,取样进行细菌培养,培养6天无细菌生长.结论 该新型粪便标本容器使用方便,对标本保存期长,对细胞形态学镜检及潜血试验结果无影响,能有效地杀灭标本中的致病菌,防止实验室感染及环境污染的发生.     

食管贲门癌肺癌外科治疗采用等容血液稀释自身输血临床研究

目的自身输血安全可靠,前者可扩大病人的血容量[1],后者可减少病人的血液丢失,防止供血途径感染(HIV HAV HBV HCV).方法临床手术中21例患者采用了等容血液稀释自身输血.术前采患者外周静脉血密闭,室温下贮存,同样输入血浆代用品,患者血液被稀释,手术结束后,将贮存的患者血回输.结果男性15例,女性6例,患者年龄34～74岁,21例中食管贲门癌肺癌20例,回盲部肉瘤1例.每例患者均采用血200ml,稀释液用血浆代用品706代血浆400ml,手术结束后回输无不良反应,手术中患者平稳.患者血液稀释前后及术后二周血流动力学、血生化学、凝血功能、肝肾功能等正常,患者HCT平均值降至28.28%,HB平均值降至92g/L,达到中度血液稀释,血液稀释前相比,患者HB、HCT、RBC显著降低,仍在正常范围内,术后两周HB、HCT、RBC与稀释前比无显著变化.结论急性等容血液稀释自身输血的方法操作简单,安全方便,用于肿瘤患者具有理想、实用、可靠、经济及预后良好的优点,该方法不抑制免疫功能,可以提高生存率,降低复发率,减少患者的用血量.是节约用血,防止输血传播各种病毒的一种好方法,可用于基层边远山区医院病人抢救和治疗及适合家庭贫困患者更理想.