载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯胶束的制备及药代动力学研究简

目的制备新型可注射用载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯（PCl-PEG-PCL）胶束,并评价和比较其与市售紫杉醇注射液在大鼠体内的药代动力学性质。方法以PCL-PEG-PCL为载体材料,通过薄膜-水化-超声法制备出载紫杉醇PCl-PEG-PCL胶束,并对其进行表征。以市售紫杉醇注射液为对照．采用SD大鼠尾静脉注射后观察载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束的体内药代动力学．并用DAS2．0药代动力学数据软件计算相关参数。结果载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束呈大小均匀的球形,具有明显的核壳结构;平均粒径为93nm,多分散系数为0．19;载药量为28．98％,药物包封率为94．36％。体外释放研究表明．载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束具有缓释效果。药代动力学研究表明．两种制剂均符合二房室模型．市售紫杉醇注射液和紫杉醇聚合物胶束消除半衰期（t1/2）分别为（1．96±0．27）h和（12．65±1．77）h,平均滞留时间（MRT）分别为（0．93±0．19）h和（11．18±1．41）h,体内总清除率（CL）分别为（0．44±0．05）L·kg／h和（0．10±0．01）L·kg／h,药-时曲线下面积（AUC0-∞）分别为（17．15±2．35）mg·h／L和（73．82±10．38）mg．h／L。结论成功制备了新型可注射用载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束．药代动力学研究表明．所研制的载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束明显延长紫杉醇在血液中的循环时间及消除半衰期．显著提高生物利用度,是一种有潜力的紫杉醇缓控释新剂型。     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

Objective To develop paclitaxol (PTX)-loaded polymersomes based on poly (ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL, PCEP) amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Methods A series of PCEP copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by PEG. The block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR、1H NMR and GPC. PTX-loaded polymersomes were prepared by thin-film and ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized in terms of morphology,particle size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. The effect of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain length on the drug-loading content, entrapment efficiency, size and size distribution and in vitro release were also investigated. Results The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size and spherical morphology with core and shell. The sizes of PTX-loaded polymersomes increased with the increasing of the molecular weight of PCEP. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed a continuous and steady release of PTX without initial burst release. The release rate increased with the increasing of hydrophilic PEG chain content and decreased with the increasing of hydrophobic PCL chain content. Conclusion For the first time, a novel PTX-loaded polymersomes was developed based on PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size, narrow size distribution and high drug encapsulation efficiency.These results indicate that PTX-loaded polymersomes could be a promising novel controlled release dosage form to increase therapeutic effect with decreased toxic and side effect of PTX.     

多巴胺输注非外渗致足部皮肤坏死1例的护理体会

临床上,多巴胺广泛应用于治疗各种类型的休克,但多巴胺的不良反应中,非因输注渗漏导致患者肢体远端皮肤坏死的病例罕见。我科2004年1月收治1例因长期使用多巴胺非穿刺处外渗致双足皮肤大面积溃烂、坏死患者,经治疗、护理后,最终完全愈合,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料患者,     

叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究

 目的 制备新型叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡，研究其理化性质、细胞毒性和体内抗肿瘤活性。方法 以两亲性三嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯（PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL）、甲氧基聚乙二醇二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺（mPEG2000-DSPE）、偶联叶酸的磷脂DSPE-PEG(2000) Folate共混物为载体材料，通过薄膜-超声分散法制备出叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡并对其进行形态、粒径及其分布、Zeta电位、载药量及包封率、体外释放等表征，用CCK-8法研究了聚合物纳米囊泡对H1299肺癌细胞的细胞毒性，并评价其在BALB/c小鼠EMT-6乳腺癌模型中的抗肿瘤效果。结果 叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡呈球形，具有明显的核-壳结构，粒径均匀。随着紫杉醇投药量的增加，纳米囊泡的粒径增大，包封率降低。载药30%的叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的平均粒径为311 nm，多分散系数为0.171，Zeta电位为-30.3 mV，包封率为91.16%。体外释放研究表明，载紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡基本无药物突释现象，具有缓释特性。细胞毒性研究表明，当紫杉醇浓度为25 μg·mL-1时，叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的细胞毒性低于相应浓度的紫杉醇/聚氧乙烯蓖麻油注射剂。体内抗肿瘤活性实验研究表明，叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡对小鼠EMT-6乳腺癌具有明显抑制作用，具有与紫杉醇/聚氧乙烯蓖麻油注射剂相似的抑制肿瘤作用。结论 叶酸靶向紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡具有高载药量及包封率、均匀的粒径及分布、缓释特性、低毒和较好的抗肿瘤作用，是一种有潜力的紫杉醇缓控释新剂型用于提高紫杉醇的药效并且降低不良反应。     

载阿霉素聚合物纳米粒的制备、表征与体内外性能研究

目的 以两亲性三嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL)为载体材料,制备包载抗肿瘤药物阿霉素(DOX)的聚合物纳米粒,并对其进行体内外性能研究.方法 以PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL作为载体材料,通过薄膜水化超声分散法制备出载DOX的聚合物纳米粒,并对其形态、粒径及其分布、载药量及包封率等理化性能进行表征.采用MTS法研究载DOX聚合物纳米粒对EMT6乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察EMT6细胞对纳米粒的细胞吞噬,离体脏器荧光成像研究纳米粒在荷EMT6乳腺癌小鼠的组织分布.结果 通过薄膜水化超声分散法成功制备出载DOX聚合物纳米粒,透射电镜和扫描电镜结果表明,该纳米粒呈球形,大小均匀,具有明显的核壳结构.粒度分析表明,载DOX聚合物纳米粒的平均粒径为130.8 nm,且粒径分布较窄(多分散系数为0.200).DOX在聚合物纳米粒中的包封率和载药量分别为(86.71±2.05)％和(8.71±0.57)％.细胞毒性研究发现,空白纳米粒对EMT6细胞无毒性,而载入DOX后,DOX-NPs的细胞毒性具有时间和剂量依赖性;在DOX质量浓度较高(20 μg/ml和40μg/ml)和孵育时间较长(72 h)时,载DOX聚合物纳米粒与游离DOX的细胞毒性相当,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CLSM观察发现,EMT6乳腺癌细胞与载DOX聚合物纳米粒共同孵育后,DOX的荧光在细胞质和细胞核中均有分布,但与游离DOX共同孵育后,DOX的红色荧光主要出现在细胞核中.离体脏器荧光成像研究表明,分别对荷EMT6乳腺癌小鼠尾静脉注射载DOX聚合物纳米粒及游离DOX后,载DOX聚合物纳米粒可通过增强渗透和滞留效应(EPR)在肿瘤部位有效聚集.结论 载DOX聚合物纳米粒具有适合静脉注射的粒径、高载药量和包封率及良好的被动靶向特性,是一种在肿瘤治疗中具有潜在应用前景的纳米药物递送系统.     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

目的 以聚己内酯-b-聚乙二醇-6-聚己内酯（PCEP）两亲性三嵌段共聚物为载体研制紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡.方法 以不同分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG）引发合成不同亲水段、疏水段链长的PCEP并进行FT-IR、1H NMR和GPC表征,以合成的嵌段聚合物PCEP为载体,通过薄膜-超声分散法制备紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征其形态和构造,用粒度分析仪测定其粒径及分布,用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定其载药量及包封率,用透析袋法研究药物体外释放;同时,研究不同亲水链长、疏水链长对紫杉醇聚合物囊泡载药量、包封率、粒径及体外释放紫杉醇药物的影响.结果 研制的紫杉醇聚合物囊泡呈核-壳结构球形,粒径为纳米级,随着PCEP共聚物相对分子质量的增加而增大;紫杉醇聚合物囊泡体外释放无突释现象,能稳定缓慢释放紫杉醇,且释放速率随共聚物中亲水段PEG含量增加而增大,随疏水段PCL含量增大而减小.结论 以PCEP两亲性三嵌段共聚物为载体制备的紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡,其粒径小且分布均匀,包封率较高,有望成为一种用于提高紫杉醇的药效且降低不良反应的新的紫杉醇缓控释剂型.     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

Objective To develop paclitaxol (PTX)-loaded polymersomes based on poly (ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL, PCEP) amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Methods A series of PCEP copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by PEG. The block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR、1H NMR and GPC. PTX-loaded polymersomes were prepared by thin-film and ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized in terms of morphology,particle size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. The effect of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain length on the drug-loading content, entrapment efficiency, size and size distribution and in vitro release were also investigated. Results The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size and spherical morphology with core and shell. The sizes of PTX-loaded polymersomes increased with the increasing of the molecular weight of PCEP. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed a continuous and steady release of PTX without initial burst release. The release rate increased with the increasing of hydrophilic PEG chain content and decreased with the increasing of hydrophobic PCL chain content. Conclusion For the first time, a novel PTX-loaded polymersomes was developed based on PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The PTX-loaded polymersomes showed nanometer size, narrow size distribution and high drug encapsulation efficiency.These results indicate that PTX-loaded polymersomes could be a promising novel controlled release dosage form to increase therapeutic effect with decreased toxic and side effect of PTX.     

脑血管病患者病程与心理社会支持关系调查

目的了解不同阶段脑血管病患者心理健康状况及社会支持水平的差异。方法对我院脑血管病患者100例进行症状自评量表及社会支持量表的调查并对结果进行统计学分析,其中,短病程患者40例,长病程患者60例。结果短病程患者焦虑得分明显高于长病程患者（t=2.48,P〈0.05）;长病程患者抑郁情绪得分明显高于短病程患者（t=2.30,P〈0.05）,但客观支持、主观支持得分明显低于短病程患者（t=1.97、2.61,均P〈0.05）。结论不同脑血管病病程患者在心理状态及获得的社会支持方面有明显的差异,长病程患者焦虑程度、客观支持、主观支持明显的低于短病程患者而抑郁情绪明显高于短病程患者。     

食管生理功能检查方法的新进展

食管功能检查是诊断食管良性病变,特别是功能障碍疾病的重要手段。它是一组检查食管功能和疾患方法的总称。其检查内容很多,目前国际食管疾病调查统计组织(OESO)规定本项检测项目的内容为“4P”,即(1)食管压力测定(Pressure);(2)食管24小时PH测定(PH);(3)食管跨粘膜电位测定(PD);(4)食管通过功能测定(Passage)。食管生理功能的研究工作在西方国家普遍开展已多年,尤其是近几年研究日新月异,且不断制造出一代比一代精确的检测工具。现将其新进展介绍如下: