吸入氧化铜烟雾致金属烟热事故一起

Qian Yalin;Ran Zheng;Li Feng     

二甲基乙酰胺职业接触及与尿中甲基乙酰胺的关系

[目的]探讨职业二甲基乙酰胺（DMAC）接触与尿中甲基乙酰胺（NMAC）的相关性。[方法]对3家氨纶生产企业6个工种201名工人进行空气中DMAC暴露浓度监测及工作周末班末尿样采集,同时对20名纺丝工连续一周空气样品和班末尿样的采集;分别用气相色谱测定空气中DMAC和尿中NMAC含量。[结果]氨纶生产过程中组件清洗工、纺丝工接触DMAC水平最高（P〈0.0033）,中位数分别为32.10、22.02mg/m3,其尿中NMAC浓度较其他工种高（P〈0.0033）,中位数分别为30.09、22.72mg/gCr;工作周末班末尿NMAC含量与空气中DMAC浓度呈直线相关,直线方程为log（U-NMAC）=0.685＋0.455×log（A-DMAC）（r=0.698,P=0.001）;长期DMAC接触者,接触2d后尿中NMAC呈较高水平（P〈0.0033）;个体DMAC接触代谢转化为NMAC的相对内暴露指数（RIE）与DMAC接触浓度呈负相关（rs=-0.781,P=0.001）。[结论]工作周末班末尿NMAC含量与空气中DMAC浓度呈良好对数线性关系。     

高效液相色谱法测定尿中N-乙酰-S-(N-甲基甲氨酰)半胱氨酸的含量

目的:建立简便有效的测定尿中N-乙酰-S-(N-甲基甲氨酰)半胱氨酸(AMCC)的高效液相色谱方法。方法:尿样经固相萃取后用高效液相色谱法分析,采用C18柱,以5%乙腈水溶液为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为196 nm。结果:尿中AMCC在1.00 mg/L～50.00 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.0000。方法精密度为2.8%～4.0%,检出限为0.1 mg/L,加样回收率为86.2%～96.1%。结论:该方法各项性能指标均符合职业卫生标准制定指南第5部分:生物材料中化学物质测定方法中相关要求,可用于测定二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)暴露工人尿中的AMCC含量。     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.     

银杏叶中银杏萜内酯的GC-MS定性定量分析

目的：建立银杏叶中银杏内酯A，B，C和白果内酯的定性定量分析方法。方法：银杏叶以20％乙醇超声提取，乙酸乙酯萃取，再经酸性氧化铝－活性炭－硅藻土混合柱层析，在100℃以双－三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺硅烷化60min后，用HP－5 MS毛细管色谱柱，柱温从180℃程序升温至300℃。采用选择离子监测（SIM）方式，以峰值最高的碎片离子作为监视离子进行定量分析。结果：银杏内酯A，B，C和白果内酯的保留时间分别为13．7，14．3，15．3和6．8min，特征（监视）离子（m/z)分别为537，625，713及455（299）；平均回收率分别为102．0％，99．4％，96．0％和96．3％，RSD分别为0．54％，2．40％，1．98％和2．43％。结论：本方法操作简便、重现性好、专属性强、准确可靠，可作为银杏萜内酯的定性定量分析方法。     

GC法检测浙八味药材中有机氯农药的残留

目的 测定与分析白术、白芍、玄参等8种药材中9种有机氯农药残留量.方法 以混合溶剂超声提取样品、浓硫酸磺化净化,采用毛细管气相色谱,用HP-5弹性石英毛细管柱程序升温分离,微电子捕获检测器检测,峰面积外标法定量.结果 延胡索、麦冬和杭白菊均检出滴滴涕,含量分别为0.439、45.017、5.434 ng·g<'-1>;杭白菊检出五氯硝基苯,含量为1.030 ng·g<'-1>;其余药材均未检出有机氯农药残留.结论 浙八味药材大部分未检出有机氯农药残留或含量较低,均在规定的安全范围内.     

2019年青海省某县重点行业职业病危害因素监测分析

目的　分析广西岑溪市地区308例登革热患者的流行病学特征、临床表现、治疗及预后情况，为登革热的防治提供参考。方法　收集2020年9月1日—10月31日在岑溪市人民医院确诊的308例登革热患者临床信息，根据年龄，将308例患者分为老年组（≥60岁）与非老年组（＜60岁），收集患者人口学资料、流行病学资料、临床表现、实验室及影像学检查结果、治疗及预后情况，分析比较2组患者的流行病学特点。结果　登革热患者以中青年人群为主，主要临床症状包括发热、纳差、皮疹、肌肉酸痛、瘙痒。非老年组患者的皮疹、瘙痒症状发生率分别为81.51%、49.81%，均显著高于老年组（P均＜0.05）。老年组与非老年组病原学检测结果阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。老年组PLT及ALB降低的发生率分别为32.56%和81.40%，明显高于非老年组（P均＜0.05），2组患者的其他血液指标异常率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。25 例患者胸部 CT或胸片有不同程度异常改变。结论　本次登革热暴发流行首起病例的传染源尚不明，发病人群以中青年为主，发热、纳差、皮疹、肌肉酸痛、瘙痒为其主要临床症状，目前对登革热的发病机制尚未完全明确，临床上尚无疫苗可有效预防登革热，预防登革热以切断传染源为主，而早诊断、早隔离、早治疗为治疗本病的关键举措。     

尿中三甲基氯化锡的顶空-气相色谱测定法

目的 建立测定尿中三甲基氯化锡的顶空-气相色谱法.方法 尿样中三甲基氯化锡经衍生后用顶空-气相色谱进行分离,定性定量检测.结果 在0.02～0.40 mg/L浓度范围内尿中三甲基氯化锡呈二次曲线,r=0.999 2,检出限为0.005 mg/L,相对标准偏差为1.9%～2.5%,回收率为92.0%～100.0%,尿样在-18 ℃冰箱中至少可以保存90d.结论 本法对于检测中所用的仪器、试剂要求较低,样品处理简便,方法 灵敏度高,干扰少,重现性好,适用于定性和定量分析,便于推广.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a detection method for trimethyltin chloride in urine by the Head space-GC. Method After derivatizing trimethyltin chloride, the urines was separated by the head space-gc,and then the trimethyltin chloride detected qualitatively and quantificationally. Results In the concentration range of 0.02～0.40 mg/L urinary trimethyltin chloride, showed a quadratic, r = 0.999 2,detection limit was 0.005 mg/L, the relative standard deviation was 1.9%～2.5%, recovery was 92.0% to 100%,the urine samples can be saved at least 90 days in -18 ℃ refrigerator. Conclusion The instrument,reagents involved in the detection require low, the operations to processing samples are simple, high sensitivity, less interference, good reproducibility, and suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis,convenient to promotion.