Many medals,but few interventions: the paradox of sports psychology research and Olympic combat sports

Sport Sciences for Health - In the Tokyo 2021 Olympics, combat sports (boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling) will play a leading role, constituting approximately 22% of all the...     

Biomarkers for traumatic brain injury: a short review

Neurosurgical Review - Cellular response to TBI is a mixture of excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Biomarkers that can track these lesions and inflammatory processes are being...     

Vulnerability of multiple large‐scale brain networks in dementia with Lewy bodies

Aberrations of large‐scale brain networks are found in the majority of neurodegenerative disorders. The brain connectivity alterations underlying dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remain, however, still elusive, with contrasting results possibly due to the pathological and clinical heterogeneity characterizing this disorder. Here, we provide a molecular assessment of brain network alterations, based on cerebral metabolic measurements as proxies of synaptic activity and density, in a large cohort of DLB patients (N = 72). We applied a seed‐based interregional correlation analysis approach (p < .01, false discovery rate corrected) to evaluate large‐scale resting‐state networks' integrity and their interactions. We found both local and long‐distance metabolic connectivity alterations, affecting the posterior cortical networks, that is, primary visual and the posterior default mode network, as well as the limbic and attention networks, suggesting a widespread derangement of the brain connectome. Notably, patients with the lowest visual and attention cognitive scores showed the most severe connectivity derangement in regions of the primary visual network. In addition, network‐level alterations were differentially associated with the core clinical manifestations, namely, hallucinations with more severe metabolic dysfunction of the attention and visual networks, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with alterations of connectivity of attention and subcortical networks. These multiple network‐level vulnerabilities may modulate the core clinical and cognitive features of DLB and suggest that DLB should be considered as a complex multinetwork disorder.     

Rifampicin quinone pretreatment improves neuronal survival by modulating microglia inflammation induced by α-synuclein

The World Health Organization has predicted that neurodegenerative diseases affecting the motor function will become the second most prevalent cause of death in the next 20 years.New therapies can result from three main sources:synthetic compounds,natural products,and existing drugs.Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting 1–3%of the adult population over 50 years of age worldwide.It is initially characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact and later by the widespread loss of nondopaminergic neurons,including those in the cortex.