铜陵地区特定人群庚型肝炎病毒感染状况的调查

目的 调查铜陵地区特定人群ＧＢＶ－Ｃ／Ｇ型病毒性肝炎（简称庚型肝炎）病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染状况,加强特定人群ＨＧＶ的检测,以阻断庚型肝炎的流行。方法 聚合酶链反应检测血清ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ。结果 自愿血员ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ阳性率１．７７％（４／２２６）,职业献血员ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ阳性率６．４２％（２８／４３６）,职业献血员ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ阳性率明显高于自愿献血员（Ｐ〈０．０１）。甲型肝炎、慢乙肝、慢丙肝、非甲～戊     

铜陵地区2004年度细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法2004年1～12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果1071株细菌中革兰阳性菌390株占36．4％，革兰阴性菌681株占63．6％；耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分别占金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的35．8％和72．0％；金黄色葡萄球菌和CNS对青霉素、氨苄西林及庆大霉素等均高度耐药，对利福平和氯霉素的耐药率均较低；未见耐万古霉素葡萄球菌；粪肠球菌对替考拉宁、万古霉素、青霉素和氨苄西林的耐药率较低；屎肠球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁无耐药；大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）株分别占41．4％和27．9％，产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南均无耐药外，对其他19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较不产ESBLs株高。结论细菌耐药有一定的地区性，定期对本地区细菌耐药性进行监测，对合理使用抗菌药物、减少耐药菌株的产生和流行有重要临床指导价值。     

人感染高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感一例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨人感染高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感的临床特征及防治手段。方法 2005年11月，救治1例确诊为感染高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感的青年女性患者，分析其临床表现、影像学及流行病学特点。结果 患者发病前与病死家禽有密切接触史，从发病至死亡约10d。在呼吸困难发生前，发热持续了5d，以急性社区获得性肺炎及急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）为主要特征入院，X线胸片示双肺大片实变影并进行性进展，入院至死亡不足3d。中国疾病预防控制中心应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）、实时聚合酶链反应（real-time PCR）技术检测患者下呼吸道吸出物标本，发现禽流感病毒血凝素（HA）5型特异性基因片段呈阳性；尸检肉眼所见主要有支气管充血、双肺实变，多浆膜腔积液；弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）及多脏器功能衰竭（MOF）。结论 人感染高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感是一种致命的传染性疾病。提高认识，重视流行病学调查并及早干预是降低病死率的主要手段。     

23例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者临床特征分析

目的分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）患者临床资料,总结其临床特征,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析23例PBC患者的临床资料,观察预后。结果 23例患者确诊时平均年龄为53.5±12.7岁;17例为女性;ALP均明显升高（380.6±375.3U/L）,20例GGT升高（360.8±633.2U/L）,15例血清总胆红素升高（72.8±97.2μmol/L）,血清IgM、IgG、IgA浓度超过正常值的比率分别为78.3%、69.3%和17.4%;19例（82.6%）血清AMA及其M2亚型阳性,14例（60.9%）ANA阳性,10例（43.5%）抗gp210抗体阳性;影像学检查均未发现胆管阻塞或扩张。结论 PBC好发于中年女性,血清ALP、GGT、IgM明显升高、AMA及其M2亚型阳性有助于诊断。抗gp210抗体阳性者可能预后较差。     

肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染研究进展

肺炎克雷伯菌是一种常见的机会致病菌,也是医院感染的重要病原菌之一。近年来,由多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌所致血流感染有逐步增多的趋势,给临床治疗带来巨大挑战。该文就肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药机制及肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的研究进展作一综述。     

安徽省铜陵市人民医院抗菌药物使用与铜陵地区细菌耐药性3年监测分析

目的:评估安徽省铜陵市人民医院抗菌药物的使用与本地区临床分离菌株耐药的动态变化,为临床合理用药和科学管理提供参考。方法:统计2003年1月-2005年12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株的耐药数据;采用限定日剂量(DDD)分析方法,对本院同一时期抗菌药物用药频度(DDDs)进行统计。结果:抗菌药物的使用频度与临床分离菌株耐药率的变化密切相关。结论:进行细菌耐药性检测,有计划地控制药物品种结构,引导临床合理用药,有利于减少细菌耐药性的产生。     

铜陵市部分医院细菌耐药性监测与分析

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area.Methods The clinical isolates were collected in Tongling area from Jananuary to December in 2007.Antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.Results Of 1375 clinical isolates,399 strains(29.0%)were gram positive bacteria,and 976 strains(71.0%)were gram negative bacteria.Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)accounted for 18.4% of staphylococcus aureus,while methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS)were 70.0% of coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS)respectively.MRSA and MRCNS were highly resistant to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,clindamycin and erythromycin;but displayed lower resistance to rifampicin,chloramphenicol and nitrofurantion.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus strain was found.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis were relatively low to penicillin,ampicillin,nitro furantion,fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.No vancomycin or teicoplanin-resistant enterococcus faecalis was isolated.The resistance rates of E.faecium were lower to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.Two strains of vancomycin-resistant E.faecium were identified.About of 49.3% of E.coli and 35.9% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs).The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing strains to 20 antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of ESBLs nonproducing ones.No imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolate was found.The resistance rate of non-fermenters was lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,amikacin or ciprofloxacin.Conclusion The resistance rate of gram positive bacteria is lower to glycopeptides.The resistance rate of gram negative bacilli is lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.Surveillance of bacterial resistance is of great importance for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the emergence of resistance.     

铜陵市部分医院细菌耐药性监测与分析

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area.Methods The clinical isolates were collected in Tongling area from Jananuary to December in 2007.Antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.Results Of 1375 clinical isolates,399 strains(29.0%)were gram positive bacteria,and 976 strains(71.0%)were gram negative bacteria.Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)accounted for 18.4% of staphylococcus aureus,while methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS)were 70.0% of coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS)respectively.MRSA and MRCNS were highly resistant to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,clindamycin and erythromycin;but displayed lower resistance to rifampicin,chloramphenicol and nitrofurantion.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus strain was found.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis were relatively low to penicillin,ampicillin,nitro furantion,fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.No vancomycin or teicoplanin-resistant enterococcus faecalis was isolated.The resistance rates of E.faecium were lower to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.Two strains of vancomycin-resistant E.faecium were identified.About of 49.3% of E.coli and 35.9% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs).The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing strains to 20 antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of ESBLs nonproducing ones.No imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolate was found.The resistance rate of non-fermenters was lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,amikacin or ciprofloxacin.Conclusion The resistance rate of gram positive bacteria is lower to glycopeptides.The resistance rate of gram negative bacilli is lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.Surveillance of bacterial resistance is of great importance for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the emergence of resistance.     

整合子与鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药机制研究进展

鲍曼不动杆菌是一种不发酵葡萄糖的革兰阴性球杆菌,是重要的条件致病菌,常引起医院内感染。随着临床上广谱抗菌药物的大量应用,出现了多重耐药菌株,该菌引起的院内感染并有逐年上升趋势,给临床抗感染化疗提出了严峻的挑战。整合子-基因盒系统能捕获外来耐药基因,在整合子中形成多种耐药基因的组合和排列,是细菌耐药性播散的机制之一,对细菌基因组的进化具有重要意义。现就整合子-基因盒的结构、表达以及与鲍曼不动抗菌多重耐药的关系进行简要综述。     

两种定量方法检测乙型肝炎5项指标结果比较

目的 比较两种定量检测乙型肝炎5项指标,观察其检测的临床应用价值.方法 分别取65例样本用化学发光法和时间分辨法同时进行乙肝5项指标检测.结果 两者阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 化学发光法灵敏度更高,对HBV感染的诊断、治疗方案的选择及疗效判定有更重要的临床意义,时间分辨法更适合临床住院患者的常规筛选.