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Background
The prevalence of tobacco usage in Native American adults and adolescents is higher than any other racial or ethnic group, yet biological risk and protective factors underlying tobacco use in this ethnic group remain unknown. A genome scan for loci associated with tobacco use phenotypes was performed with data collected from a community sample of Mission Indians residing in Southwest California. 相似文献3.
Timson C Appanna Shareen H Doak Spencer A Jenkins Howard G Kynaston Timothy P Stephenson James M Parry 《International journal of urology》2007,14(6):539-544
OBJECTIVE: Tumors arising within augmentation cystoplasties are aggressive, have poor prognosis and the majority are not detected at follow-up cystoscopy. Genetic changes in tumors precede morphological abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) could be used to identify those patients with augmentation cystoplasties at increased risk of tumorigenesis. METHODS: Bladder biopsy samples were obtained from 16 augmentation cystoplasty patients both distant from and near to the enterovesical anastomosis. CGH was used to detect genetic abnormalities in DNA extracted from the biopsies, archival specimens of two augmentation cystoplasties and two de novo bladder adenocarcinomas. RESULTS: A greater number of amplifications on 2p, 3q, 8q, 9p, 17p, 18pq and 20pq, were observed in bladder biopsies obtained near to the enterovesical anastomosis compared to those taken distant to the suture line. CGH of archival augmentation cystoplasty tumor DNA indicated abnormalities at several loci with amplifications at 2q, 5q, 10p and 21pq, while deletions occurred at 5p and 16p. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the urothelium adjacent to the bladder and/or bowel anastomosis in augmentation cystoplasties is genetically unstable. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are required to establish whether or not patients exhibiting genetic instability following augmentation cystoplasty are at greater risk of developing tumors than those with genetically stable epithelia. 相似文献
4.
Edwin H. Preston He Xu Kiran K. Dhanireddy Jonathan P. Pearl Frank V. Leopardi Matthew F. Starost Douglas A. Hale Allan D. Kirk 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(5):1032-1041
CD154-specific antibody therapy prevents allograft rejection in many experimental transplant models. However, initial clinical transplant trials with anti-CD154 have been disappointing suggesting the need for as of yet undetermined adjuvant therapy. In rodents, donor antigen (e.g., a donor blood transfusion), or mTOR inhibition (e.g., sirolimus), enhances anti-CD154's efficacy. We performed renal transplants in major histocompatibility complex-(MHC) mismatched rhesus monkeys and treated recipients with combinations of the CD154-specific antibody IDEC-131, and/or sirolimus, and/or a pre-transplant donor-specific transfusion (DST). Therapy was withdrawn after 3 months. Triple therapy prevented rejection during therapy in all animals and led to operational tolerance in three of five animals including donor-specific skin graft acceptance in the two animals tested. IDEC-131, sirolimus and DST are highly effective in preventing renal allograft rejection in primates. This apparently clinically applicable regimen is promising for human renal transplant trials. 相似文献
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M Campbell-Brown I R McFadyen D V Seal M L Stephenson 《British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)》1987,294(6587):1579-1582
A total of 4470 pregnant women were screened for bacteriuria by the dipslide method and significant growth found in 226 (5.1%). In 198 cases the urine was re-examined, in 119 by using suprapubic aspiration or catheterisation (62 (52%) samples contained bacteria) and in 79 by using midstream urine samples (26 (33%) samples contained greater than 10(8) colony forming units/1), showing the maximum prevalence of confirmed bacteriuria to be 2.6%. Overt urinary tract infection developed later in four of 80 patients with proved bacteriuria who had been given antibiotics, in one of eight untreated patients with bacteriuria, in one of 110 patients with unconfirmed bacteriuria, and in one of 226 non-bacteriuric controls. A history of urinary tract infection was given by 18% of controls and 42% of women with confirmed bacteriuria. Screening for bacteriuria and treatment with antibiotics to prevent later overt infection is expensive. Whether it is worth while and cost effective depends largely on the prevalence of bacteriuria in the local population and the proportion who develop overt infection. The screening and treatment programme reported here appeared to prevent only six cases of overt infection. 相似文献
7.
E.Paul Kirk MB BS J. Santa MD T. Heckler MBA M. Collins MD 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1998,178(6):1222-1228
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess whether legislative action influenced the role of obstetrician-gynecologists as primary care physicians. STUDY DESIGN: An observational study was performed on the basis of a questionnaire sent to 410 obstetrician-gynecologists and 27 medical directors of managed-care organizations. RESULTS: Of 67% of obstetrician-gynecologists and 96% of medical directors who responded, there was agreement as to the content of primary care, but a minority (38%) of obstetrician-gynecologists identified themselves as primary care providers. A minority of medical directors (35%) felt that obstetrician-gynecologists should serve in that role. Both obstetrician-gynecologists and medical directors felt that legislation had little impact. CONCLUSION: The reticence of obstetrician-gynecologists to assume a major role in primary care appears to be the result of an uneasiness with accepting a more comprehensive role in patient management and gatekeeping. They appear comfortable with the more traditional roles but feel that training and experience has not prepared them well for the management of more complex medical problems. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:1222-8.) 相似文献
8.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease among inpatients who have mild intellectual disability and mental illness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
S. Merriman C. Haw J. Kirk & J. Stubbs 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》2005,49(5):309-316
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. The aim of this study was to screen inpatients with mild or borderline intellectual disability, many of whom also have mental illness, for risk factors for CHD. Methods Cross sectional survey. Participants were interviewed, measured and had blood samples taken. Results Of the 53 participants, 20 (37.7%) were overweight and 18 (34.0%) obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) of those participants prescribed regular antipsychotics was higher than those who were not. Nine (20.9%) had waist circumference measurements placing them at increased risk of CHD and 21 (48.8%) were at substantially increased risk. Twenty-eight (52.8%) were current smokers. Of the 49 participants who had their blood pressure measured, 3 (6.1%) had readings above the reference range. Of the 19 participants who had random blood tests, one (5.3%) had an elevated cholesterol level. Conclusions In this population there was a high prevalence of two risk factors for CHD (obesity and smoking), requiring ongoing monitoring and long-term measures to reduce risk. 相似文献
9.
腕管综合征主要症状体征敏感性与特异性的比较 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
目的 比较腕管综合征 (carpaltunnelsyndrome ,CTS)主要症状、体征的敏感性与特异性。方法 对 10 1例 ( 162只手 )进行症状严重程度与功能状况的询问 ,感觉、运动功能的检查 ;其中 62只手在术后 6周再次测定。结果 162只患手中 15 8只具有典型症状 ( 98% )。Phalen征、前臂正中神经加压征、Semmes Weinstein单丝纤维测试阳性率分别为 98%、96%、82 %。 87%的患手出现肌力下降 ,拇短展肌肌力测定 (定量法 )结果显示 ,与徒手法相比 ,不同性别间、术前与术后的差异均具非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 典型症状、Phalen征、前臂正中神经加压征、拇短展肌肌力变化的敏感性与特异性最高 ,拇短展肌肌力定量法测定是判断腕管综合征严重程度、评定疗效的一个良好的客观指标。 相似文献
10.
Edwin H. Preston Jimmy A. Light Robert L. Kampen Allan D. Kirk 《American journal of transplantation》2004,4(2):283-285
Passenger leukocytes have been suggested to be both pro-tolerant and immunogenic. The opportunity to evaluate the role of allogeneic passenger leukocytes in humans was presented by a 47-year-old man who donated bone marrow to his HLA-identical leukemic sister. Eleven years later he developed renal failure. The sister's marrow was noted to be 100% XY karyotype and free of malignancy. She donated a kidney to her brother. Immunosuppression was tapered following transplantation. After 6 months, the recipient was on monotherapy sirolimus, 1 mg every third day. A surveillance biopsy was normal and sirolimus was stopped. Eight weeks later, he presented with severe rejection that reversed with Thymoglobulin. Renal function returned to baseline and has been stable on conventional immunosuppression. 相似文献