收费全文 | 108篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 17篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 7篇 |
内科学 | 13篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3篇 |
神经病学 | 12篇 |
特种医学 | 11篇 |
外科学 | 18篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
Background and objectives
Improvements in agricultural practices in Croatia have reduced exposure to consumption of aristolochic acid-contaminated flour and development of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Bosnian immigrants who settled in an endemic area in Croatia 15–30 years ago would be at lower risk of developing endemic nephropathy because of reduced exposure to aristolochic acid. To test this hypothesis, past and present exposure to aristolochic acid, proximal tubule damage as a hallmark of endemic nephropathy, and prevalence of CKD in Bosnian immigrants were analyzed.Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this cross-sectional observational study from 2005 to 2010, 2161 farmers were divided into groups: indigenous inhabitants from endemic nephropathy and nonendemic nephropathy villages and Bosnian immigrants; α-1 microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio >31.5 mg/g and eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were considered to be abnormal.Results
CKD and proximal tubule damage prevalence was significantly lower in Bosnian immigrants than inhabitants of endemic nephropathy villages (6.9% versus 16.6%; P<0.001; 1.3% versus 7.3%; P=0.003, respectively); 20 years ago, Bosnian immigrants observed fewer Aristolochia clematitis in cultivated fields (41.9% versus 67.8%) and fewer seeds among wheat seeds (6.1% versus 35.6%) and ate more purchased than homemade bread compared with Croatian farmers from endemic nephropathy villages (38.5% versus 14.8%, P<0.001). Both Croatian farmers and Bosnian immigrants observe significantly fewer Aristolochia plants growing in their fields compared with 15–30 years ago. Prior aristolochic acid exposure was associated with proximal tubule damage (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.58; P=0.02), whereas present exposure was not (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 2.30; P=0.33). Furthermore, immigrant status was an independent negative predictor of proximal tubule damage (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.86; P=0.02).Conclusions
Bosnian immigrants and autochthonous Croats residing in endemic areas are exposed significantly less to ingestion of aristolochic acid than in the past. The prevalence of endemic nephropathy and its associated urothelial cancers is predicted to decrease over time. 相似文献The study aims to evaluate the effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatments on dentin wetting and surface free energy (SFE) and compare the effects of NTAP treatment, etch-and-rinse, and self-etch protocols for application of universal adhesives.
Materials and methodsMid-coronal dentin of intact third molars was used to measure contact angles of distilled water, ethylene-glycol, and diiodomethane and calculate SFE following different NTAP preset treatments (feeding gas consisting of pure He, He + 1% O2, He + 1.5% O2), power input (1 or 3 W), and tip-to-surface distance (2, 4, or 8 mm). Contact angles of reference liquids and SFE of dentin following He + 1.5% O2 at 3-W and 4-mm treatment was compared to phosphoric acid etching. Contact angles of Single Bond Universal (SBU; 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB; Kuraray Noritake) were measured following NTAP, etch-and-rinse, and self-etch protocols.
ResultsNTAP significantly reduced contact angles of reference liquids and increased dentin SFE compared to untreated dentin (p < 0.05). O2 intensified the effect of He NTAP (p < 0.05). NTAP and phosphoric acid increased dentin polarity and Lewis base surface characteristics. Phosphoric acid increased contact angles of adhesives compared to the self-etch protocol (p < 0.05). NTAP resulted in lower adhesive contact angles than phosphoric acid, the difference being statistically significant for CUB (p < 0.05). Compared to the self-etch protocol, NTAP slightly reduced CUB contact angle but not that of SBU (p > 0.05).
ConclusionsHe NTAP with and without O2 increased dentin wetting and SFE, surpassing the effect of phosphoric acid and lowering adhesive contact angles. NTAP produced no apparent micro-morphological changes on dentin surface comparable to acid etching.
Clinical significanceNTAP treatment of dentin prior to adhesive application increases dentin wetting and surface free energy facilitating better adhesive distribution on dentin surface compared to phosphoric acid etching and similar to the “self-etch” application protocol.
相似文献