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1.
The test–retest reliability of the Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) for assessing type of urinary incontinence in males and females 下载免费PDF全文
Edmond PH Choi RN MPhil BNurs Cindy LK Lam MD MBBS FHKAM Weng Yee Chin MBBS FRACGP 《Journal of clinical nursing》2015,24(23-24):3742-3744
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Nittaya Phanuphak Nipat Teeratakulpisarn Frits van Griensven Nitiya Chomchey Suteeraporn Pinyakorn James LK Fletcher Rapee Trichavaroj Supanit Pattanachaiwit Nelson Michael Praphan Phanuphak Jerome H Kim Jintanat Ananworanich 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2015,18(1)
Introduction
HIV transmission risk is highest during acute HIV infection (AHI). We evaluated HIV RNA in the anogenital compartment in men who have sex with men (MSM) during AHI and compared time to undetectable HIV RNA after three-drug versus five-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) to understand risk for onward HIV transmission.Methods
MSM with AHI (n=54) had blood, seminal plasma and anal lavage collected for HIV RNA at baseline, days 3 and 7, and weeks 2, 4, 12 and 24. Data were compared between AHI stages: 1 (fourth-generation antigen-antibody combo immunoassay [IA]–, third-generation IA–, n=15), 2 (fourth-generation IA+, third-generation IA–, n=9) and 3 (fourth-generation IA+, third-generation IA+, western blot–/indeterminate, n=30) by randomization to five-drug (tenofovir+emtricitabine+efavirenz+raltegravir+maraviroc, n=18) versus three-drug (tenofovir+emtricitabine+efavirenz, n=18) regimens.Results
Mean age was 29 years and mean duration since HIV exposure was 15.4 days. Mean baseline HIV RNA was 5.5 in blood, 3.9 in seminal plasma and 2.6 log10 copies/ml in anal lavage (p<0.001). Blood and seminal plasma HIV RNA were higher in AHI Stage 3 compared to Stage 1 (p<0.01). Median time from ART initiation to HIV RNA <50 copies/ml was 60 days in blood, 15 days in seminal plasma and three days in anal lavage. Compared with the three-drug ART, the five-drug ART had a shorter time to HIV RNA <1500 copies/ml in blood (15 vs. 29 days, p=0.005) and <50 copies/ml in seminal plasma (13 vs. 24 days, p=0.048).Conclusions
Among MSM with AHI, HIV RNA was highest in blood, followed by seminal plasma and anal lavage. ART rapidly reduced HIV RNA in all compartments, with regimen intensified by raltegravir and maraviroc showing faster HIV RNA reductions in blood and seminal plasma. 相似文献3.
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M.A. Pina Montoya H. Rodríguez Hilario I. Ñíguez Sevilla M. Molina Oller M. Costa Andreo 《Clínica e investigación en ginecología y obstetricia》2014
Tarlov cysts, also called extradural cysts, consist of perineural space ectasia of the spinal nerve roots, usually located distal to the dorsal root ganglia or in the junction with this structure. The most frequent location is in the sacral region. The etiology remains uncertain. Most Tarlov cysts are asymptomatic, but they can cause lumbar or root irritative symptoms1. We describe a case of Tarlov cyst presenting as radicular symptoms during the postpartum period. 相似文献
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Corrias A Bellone J Beccaria L Bosio L Trifirò G Livieri C Ragusa L Salvatoni A Andreo M Ciampalini P Tonini G Crinò A 《Journal of endocrinological investigation》2000,23(2):84-89
Basal IGF-I levels and the GH response to at least two among provocative stimuli such as clonidine (CLO, Catapresan, 150 mcg/m2 p.o.), GHRH (1 mcg/kg i.v.)+arginine (ARG, 0.5 g/kg i.v. infusion during 30 min) and GHRH+pyridostigmine (PD, Mestinon cpr 60 mg p.o.) have been evaluated in 43 children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS, 17 males and 26 females, age 3-22 yr, 7 normal weight and 36 obese PWS), in 25 normal short children (NC, 17 males and 8 females, 7.7-18.5 yr) and in 24 children with simple obesity (OB, 14 males, 10 females, 7.7-21.5 yr). Both normal weight and obese PWS had mean IGF-I levels lower than those recorded in NC (p<0.001) and OB (p<0.001). The GH responses to GHRH+ARG and GHRH+PD in NC were similar and higher than that to CLO (p<0.001). In PWS the GH response to GHRH+ARG was higher than that to GHRH+PD (p<0.001) which, in turn, was higher than that to CLO (p<0.001); these responses in PWS were lower than those in normal children (p<0.02) and similar to those in OB. In normal weight PWS the GH responses to GHRH+ARG and to GHRH+PD were similar and higher than to CLO (p<0.05); however, each provocative stimulus elicited a GH rise lower than that in NC (p<0.05). In obese PWS as well as in OB the GH response to GHRH+ARG was higher than that to GHRH+PD (p<0.02) which, in turn, was higher than that to CLO (p<0.001); all GH responses in obese PWS and OB were lower than those in NC (p<0.001) but similar to those in normal weight PWS. In conclusion, patients with PWS show clear reduction of IGF-I levels as well as of the somatotroph responsiveness to provocative stimuli independently of body weight excess. These results strengthen the hypothesis that PWS syndrome is frequently connotated by GH insufficiency. 相似文献