部分麻醉剂对雌性大鼠体内电解质和生化指标的影响

目的 观察麻醉剂对雌性SD大鼠血气分析、血清电解质和生化指标的影响.方法 选择SD雌性大鼠36只,随机分为4组:生理氯化钠对照组和戊巴比妥钠组、氨基甲酸乙酯组、乙醚麻醉组.动物经处理后,采左心室动脉血进行血气分析,采眼眶静脉丛血进行血清电解质和生化指标测定.结果 与对照组比较,戊巴比妥钠麻醉的大鼠二氧化碳总含量(TCO2)、碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、细胞外波剩余碱(BE)、磷和尿素(UREA)升高,钾、钠、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和总胆红素(TBIL)降低;氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉的大鼠pH、氧分压(PO2)和葡萄糖(GLU)升高,钾、钠、磷、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、TP、ALB和TBIL降低:乙醚麻醉的大鼠钙和GLU升高,钾、碡、ALT、&ST、LDH、CK、HBDH、尿酸(UA)和TBIL降低.结论 麻醉剂可引起雌性大鼠血钾下降,并可能使血钠、血气和部分生化指标发生改变.     

三甲基氯化锡对亚慢性染毒大鼠肾氢钾ATP酶活力及蛋白与基因表达的研究

目的 探索三甲基氯化锡(trimethyltin chloride,TMT)对亚慢性染毒大鼠肾氢钾ATP酶活力、蛋白和基因表达水平的影响.方法 取6周龄雌性SD大鼠55只,随机分成对照、低剂量、中剂量、高剂量和超高剂量组,共5组,每组11只,分别按0、8.20、32.81、131.25、262.50μg·kg-1·d-1的TMT剂量经饮水亚慢性染毒,14周后测定血钾水平,取大鼠肾脏,用定磷法测量氢钾ATP活力,用免疫印迹法测定肾氢钾ATP酶蛋白表达水平,用实时定量-聚合酶链反应法测定肾氢钾ATP酶的mRNA表达水平.结果 与对照组[(6.9±0.3)mmol/L]比较,超高剂量组血钾水平[(5.6±0.4)mmol/L]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜.01).低剂量和超高剂量组氢钾ATP酶活力分别为(4.50±1.45)、(435±-0.72)μmolPi·mgprot-1·h-1,明显低于对照组[(6.55±0.77)μmolPi·mgprot-1·h-1],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,超高剂量组氢钾ATP酶蛋白和mRNA表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TMT亚慢性接触可抑制氢钾ATP酶的活力,但不抑制该酶的蛋白和基冈表达.

Abstract：

Objective To study the activity、protein and gene expression of renal HK-ATPase (HKA) in rats subchronicly exposed to trimethyltin chloride (TMT). Methods In subchronic toxic test (14-week), 55 female SD rats (age, 6 weeks) were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, low, medium, high and super high dosage, respectively, which drank water with TMT of 0, 8.20, 32.81, 131.25 and 262.50 μg·kg-1 ·d-1 for 14 weeks.Then serum K+ levels were measured; the activities of H K-ATPase (HKA) in kidneys were detected by the method of determinenate phosphorus content;Western Blot assay and real-time PCR were used to exam the protein and mRNA expression levels of HKA in kidneys, respectively. Results The serum K + level in super-high dosage group was (5.6±0.4) mmol/L, which was significantly lower than that [(6.9±0.3) mmol/L] in control group (P＜0.01).The HKA enzymatic activity of kidneys in low and super high dosage groups was 4.50±1.45 and 4.55±0.72 μmolPi·mg prot-1h-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than that (6.55±0.77 μmol Pi ·mg prot-1h-1) in control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion When rats were exposed subchronicly to TMT, the renal HKA activity could reduce, but the expression levels of HKA protein and mRNA did not decrease.     

二甲基氯化锡对大鼠、小鼠急性毒性和大鼠血钾影响

目的 探讨二甲基氯化锡(DMT)的急性毒性和对大鼠血钾的影响.方法 采用霍恩氏法测定DMT在SD大鼠经口、经腹腔注射和经皮肤染毒及昆明种小鼠经口、经腹腔注射的半数致死量(LD(50),并测定大鼠DMT染毒后1h和1d的血钾水平.结果 DMT经口、经腹腔注射和经皮肤对SD大鼠(雌、雄)的LD(40)分别为(147.0 、383.0)mg/kg;(46.4、31.6)mg/kg;(1470.0、1 780.0)mg/kg,DMT经口、经腹腔注射染毒对昆明种小鼠(雌、雄)的LD(50)分别为(215.0、316.0)mg/kg;(59.9、68.1)mg/kg.DMT染毒大鼠血钾水平在染毒后1h显著下降,但1d后恢复正常.结论　DMT属于中等毒性,可引起大鼠短时-过性血钾下降.     

SD大鼠脑脊液采集方法改进

目的 探索一种快速、方便和无血污染的SD大鼠脑脊液采集技术.方法 取雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组,每组10只,分别采用经皮穿刺延髓池抽取脑脊液法、直视下划破硬脊膜抽取脑脊液法和直视下徽童进样器经硬脊膜穿刺抽取脑脊液法采集大鼠脑脊液,以离心后未见血污染为合格.比较3组脑脊液的采集合格率和采集量.结果 直视下微量进样器经硬脊膜穿刺抽取脑脊液法的成功率和采集量均显著高于经皮穿利延髓池抽取脑脊液法和直视下划破硬脊膜抽取脑脊液法2种方法(P<0.01).结论　直视下微量进样器经硬脊膜穿刺抽取脑脊液法是一种方便快捷、无污染的SD大鼠脑脊液采集技术.     

三甲基氯化锡的大鼠及小鼠蓄积毒性实验研究

目的 探讨三甲基氯化锡(TMT)在大小鼠体内的蓄积毒性.方法 采用霍恩氏法测定TMT对昆明小鼠急性经口半数致死量(LD50)值;用剂量递增法测定TMT经口灌胃在SD大鼠和KM小鼠体内的蓄积系数,并观察死亡大鼠主要靶器官的病理学变化.结果 TMT经口灌胃对雌、雄性SD大鼠的蓄积系数均为K=1.7;TMT对雌、雄性KM小鼠的LD50分别为3.69和3.16 mg/kg体质量,蓄积系数均为K=3.8.TMT主要引起小脑皮质弥漫性的脂肪空泡形成,脑干神经元肿胀、坏死,脾脏弥漫性纤维化.结论 TMT对大鼠属明显蓄积,对小鼠属中等蓄积,主要病理损伤器官为小脑、脑干和脾脏.     

红景天口服液对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的 探讨红景天口服液对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响.方法 取SD大鼠100只,雌雄各半,分别按照随机数字表法分成5组,各10只.①雄性大鼠的5组除空白对照组外,其余4组分别给予红景天口服液2.48 g/kg、7.48 g/kg、24.80 g/kg,男宝胶囊2.00 g/kg,2 次/d,连续48 d.然后与切除双侧卵巢后15 d的雌性大鼠50只按1∶1合笼进行交配,观察雄性大鼠的交配能力、睾酮水平、免疫器官的变化.②另取4周龄雄性SD大鼠40只分为空白对照组、模型对照组、红景天低剂量组、红景天高剂量组、甲睾酮组共5组,各8只.除空白对照组外,其余均切除双侧睾丸,分别给予红景天口服液0、2.48 g/kg、24.80 g/kg,甲睾酮2.00 mg/kg,2次/d,连续28 d,观察去势大鼠的雄性附属性器官的变化.结果 ①与空白对照组比较,红景天口服液高、中、低剂量组大鼠体内睾酮水平、脾脏指数和胸腺指数显著提高(P<0.05、P<0.01).②给药后去势大鼠的附性器官指数显著高于模型对照组(P<0.05).结论 红景天口服液可提高雄性大鼠的生殖功能.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the action of Rhodiola Crenulate(RC) oral liquid reproduction function for the male rats. Methods 100 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with equal gender number respectively. The male rats were given RC oral liquid (0, 2.48 g/kg, 7.48 g/kg, 24.80 g/kg) and Nanbao (2.00 g/kg)by oral twice a day for 48 d, respectively. Then the male rat was put into the same box in which the female rat whit two-side ovarys were excised for 15 d, respectively. The intercoursing ability,testosterone levels, and the weight of immune organs of the male rats were examined. 40 four-week-old rats were divided into 5 groups. Except for blank control, all rats's testis were excised. The castrated rats were treated with RC oral liquid (2.48 g/kg, 24.8 g/kg)and Methyltestosterone (2.00 mg/kg). The blank control group and model control group were given the same dose NS by oral twice a day for 28 d, respectively. The weight of accessory sex organs in castrated rats was observed. Results The level of testosterone and the organ coefficients of thymus and spleen in RC oral liquid groups were higher than blank control (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The weight of accessory sex organs of castrated rats in RC oral liquid groups were heavier than model control (P<0.05). Conclusion RC oral liquid can improve the reproduction function in male rats.     

豚鼠最大值试验法研究二氯乙酰氯皮肤致敏作用的初步报告

目的探讨二氯乙酰氯(DCAC)是否在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎发病过程中起到半抗原的作用。方法按豚鼠最大值试验(GPMT)法,用DCAC对白色豚鼠进行皮内和涂皮结合法致敏试验,并设阳性对照组(二硝基氯苯)、阴性对照组(橄榄油和福氏完全佐剂),观察各组动物皮肤的红斑和水肿等情况,求出致敏率和平均反应值,并且检测ALT和AST以及计算各脏器系数。结果 DCAC实验组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组的致敏率分别为0%、100%和0%;平均反应值分别为0、6.0和0;各实验组豚鼠的ALT和AST以及脏器系数差异无统计学意义。结论 DCAC可能在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎发病过程中没有起到半抗原的作用,并且对实验动物没有明显肝功能损害。     

三甲基氯化锡在SD大鼠体内的吸收、分布、排泄研究

目的探讨三甲基氯化锡(TMT)的吸收、分布、排泄规律。方法取SD大鼠108只,雌雄各半,随机分为18组,每组雌雄各3只。第1组为空白对照组,生理盐水灌胃后立即眼眶采血,第2~18组灌胃给予TMT 10mg/kg,分别在染毒后10min、20min、30 min、1h、2 h、3 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d、28 d、90 d共17个时间点经眼眶采血并采集主要脏器。另取SD大鼠10只,灌胃给予TMT 10 mg/kg,收集染毒前连续12 h及染毒后第1、2、3、6、9、12、18、28、40、55、70、90天共13个时间段连续24 h的尿液。用GC-MS测定血液、组织、尿液中TMT的含量,用3P87软件计算毒代参数。结果 (1)吸收:大鼠灌胃TMT后,全血和血浆半吸收期分别为0.16 h和0.21 h;清除率分别为1.77×10-4L/(kg·h)和0.03 L/(kg·h);消除半减期分别为15 d和10 d。(2)分布:灌胃后10 min组织中即可检测到TMT,6 h达到峰值;红细胞中TMT浓度远高于各主要脏器,且红细胞>... 更多还原     

三甲基氯化锡对亚慢性染毒大鼠肾氢钾ATP酶活力及蛋白与基因表达的研究

Objective To study the activity、protein and gene expression of renal HK-ATPase (HKA) in rats subchronicly exposed to trimethyltin chloride (TMT). Methods In subchronic toxic test (14-week), 55 female SD rats (age, 6 weeks) were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, low, medium, high and super high dosage, respectively, which drank water with TMT of 0, 8.20, 32.81, 131.25 and 262.50 μg·kg-1 ·d-1 for 14 weeks.Then serum K+ levels were measured; the activities of H K-ATPase (HKA) in kidneys were detected by the method of determinenate phosphorus content;Western Blot assay and real-time PCR were used to exam the protein and mRNA expression levels of HKA in kidneys, respectively. Results The serum K + level in super-high dosage group was (5.6±0.4) mmol/L, which was significantly lower than that [(6.9±0.3) mmol/L] in control group (P＜0.01).The HKA enzymatic activity of kidneys in low and super high dosage groups was 4.50±1.45 and 4.55±0.72 μmolPi·mg prot-1h-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than that (6.55±0.77 μmol Pi ·mg prot-1h-1) in control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion When rats were exposed subchronicly to TMT, the renal HKA activity could reduce, but the expression levels of HKA protein and mRNA did not decrease.     

红景天口服液对氢化可的松致阳虚模型大鼠保护作用初步研究

目的：研究红景天口服液对氢化可的松致大鼠阳虚模型动物的保护作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠30只,每组6只,肌肉注射氢化可的松建立大鼠阳虚模型。给药第8天,开始灌胃给予生理盐水（空白对照、模型对照）、男宝胶囊、红景天口服液2.48、24.80 g/kg（低剂量组和高剂量组）,连续30天。观察动物的血清睾酮、心脏、肝脏、性器官、免疫器官重量,测定血清中SOD和MDA水平等指标变化。结果：红景天口服液具有改善体内睾酮水平,减缓附性器官萎缩,提高体内抗氧化水平的能力。结论：红景天口服液对于＂阳虚＂动物模型可能具有保护作用。