Cellular effects of glycine and trehalose air-polishing powders on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro

Objectives

Air-polishing has been used in the treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis for years. The introduction of low-abrasive powders has enabled the use of air-polishing devices for subgingival therapy. Within the last decade, a wide range of different low-abrasive powders for subgingival use has been established. In this study, the effects of a glycine powder and a trehalose powder on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated.

Methods

HGF were derived from three systemically and periodontally healthy donors. After 24 h and 48 h of incubation time, mRNA levels, and after 48 h, protein levels of TNFα, IL-8, CCL2, and VEGF were determined. In addition, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and in vitro wound healing were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p?<?0.05).

Results

Glycine powder significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory genes and showed exploitation of the NF-κB pathway, albeit trehalose powder hardly interfered with cell function and did not trigger the NF-κB pathway. In contrast to trehalose, glycine showed a significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro wound healing rate.

Conclusion

Subgingivally applicable powders for air-polishing devices can regulate cell viability and proliferation as well as cytokine expression. Our in vitro study suggests that the above powders may influence HGF via direct cell effects. Trehalose appears to be relatively inert compared to glycine powder.

Clinical relevance

With the limitations of an in vitro design, our study suggests that in terms of cell response, trehalose-based air-polishing powders show a reduced effect on inflammation.

     

Prospective evaluation of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton rapid-SIR directly on blood cultures

Background

With the worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance, delivering antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results in a timely manner represents a major challenge. In cases of sepsis, rapid AST may facilitate early optimization of empiric antibiotic therapy. Disc diffusion is a well-standardized AST method, however 16 to 24?h are required to achieve an overall AST profile according to antimicrobial societies.

Social inequalities in children’s mental health: isn’t it time for action?

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry -     

First epidemiological study on occupational radar exposure in the French Navy: a 26-year cohort study

This retrospective cohort study deals with the causes of death among 57,000 military personnel who served in the French Navy surface vessels and were observed over the period 1975–2000. We successively compared the mortality rate and the specific causes of death between two groups differing in their potential exposure levels to radar. Occupational exposure was defined according to the on-board workplace (radar and control groups). The age-adjusted death ratios of the navy personnel were compared. For all causes of death, the results showed that 885 deaths in the radar group and 299 in the control group occurred (RR = 1.00 (95?% CI: 0.88–1.14)). RRs were 0.92 (95?% CI: 0.69–1.24) for neoplasms. For the duration of follow-up, the results did not show an increased health risk for military personnel exposed to higher levels of radio frequencies in the radar group, but the number of deaths was very small for some cancer sites.     

Bilan des enquêtes 2012, 2013 et 2014 de l’Observatoire national français des centres spécialisés de l’obésité (oNCSO)

Objective and method

The French Obesity Plan enabled the creation of 37 Specialized Obesity Centers (CSOs) in 2012 to ensure a dual mission, the multidisciplinary management of severe or complex obesity and the organization of care channels in the regions. This report takes stock of the first three years of operation of the CSOs, based on the data collected by the National Observatory of CSOs (oNCSO), set up by the General Directorate of Hospitalization and Care.

Peser les patients habillés induit un risque de surestimation de leur statut nutritionnel

In institutions and at home, some patients may have difficulty mobilizing and undressing, or refusing to put on their underwear. It is therefore likely that weighing dressed patients is a common practice. The overestimation of the body weight thus obtained could lead to an error in the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which adult patients dressed versus underwear could alter their nutritional status. Fifty-one patients were included. Dressed weighing overestimated the actual weight of 1.6 ± 0.6 kg and induced an overestimation of nutritional status classification in almost 14% of cases. In addition, the weight of the clothes was different according to the sex and the conditions of outside temperature. These results suggest that it is desirable as much as possible to weigh all adult patients in underwear.