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排序方式: 共有5170条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Karyopherin Alpha 2 Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Clear-Cell and Papillary Renal-Cell Carcinoma
2.
Distinct genetic alterations and luminal molecular subtype in nested variant of urothelial carcinoma
3.
Paula M. Frew Raphiel Murden C. Christina Mehta Allison T. Chamberlain Alan R. Hinman Glen Nowak Judith Mendel Ann Aikin Laura A. Randall Allison L. Hargreaves Saad B. Omer Walter A. Orenstein Robert A. Bednarczyk 《Vaccine》2019,37(2):325-332
Objective
To develop a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) that is capable of detecting variations in parental confidence towards childhood immunizations centered on trust and concern issues that impact vaccine confidence.Methods
We used a web-based national poll of 893 parents of children <7?years in 2016 to assess the measures created for the Emory VCI (EVCI). EVCI measures were developed using constructs related to vaccine confidence identified by the U.S. National Vaccine Advisory Committee (i.e., “Information Environment”, “Trust”, “Healthcare Provider”, “Attitudes and Beliefs”, and “Social Norms”). Reliability for EVCI was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Using the variables related to each of the constructs, we calculated an overall EVCI score that was then assessed against self-reported childhood vaccine receipt using chi-square and the Cochrane-Armitage trend tests.Results
Respondents’ EVCI scores could range from 0 to 24, and the full range of values was observed in this sample (Mean?=?17.5 (SD 4.8)). EVCI scores were significantly different (p?≤?0.006 for all comparisons) between parents who indicated their child(ren) received routinely recommended vaccines compared with parents who indicated they had delayed or declined recommended immunizations. There was also a significant, consistent association between higher EVCI scores and greater reported vaccine receipt.Conclusions
We developed EVCI to reliably measure parental vaccine confidence, with individuals’ scores linked to parental vaccine-related attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. As such, EVCI may be a useful tool for future monitoring of both population and individual confidence in childhood immunization. 相似文献4.
Conall T. Morgan Angela Tang Chun-Po Fan Fraser Golding Cedric Manlhiot Glen van Arsdell Osami Honjo Edgar Jaeggi 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(4):446-452
Background
Common arterial trunk (CAT) is a rare anomaly with a spectrum of pathology. We sought to identify current trends and factors associated with postnatal outcomes.Methods
This was a single-centre review including 153 live births with planned surgery. Patients were analyzed as 2 cohorts based on era of CAT diagnosis (1990 to 1999 vs 2000 to 2014) and complexity of disease (simple vs complex). “Complex” required the association with significant aortic arch obstruction, truncal valve (TV) stenosis/regurgitation, and/or branch pulmonary artery (PA) hypoplasia, respectively.Results
Sixteen (10%) died preoperatively, and this outcome was associated with significant TV stenosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.55; P = 0.01) and regurgitation (OR 3.17; P = 0.04); 130 (95%) of 137 operated infants underwent primary complete repair. Their survival rates to 1 year improved from 54% to 85% after 2000, although this outcome remained substantially lower for cases with a complex vs simple CAT repair (76% vs 95%; OR 6.46; P = 0.006). Other risk factors associated with decreased 1-year survival included diagnosis before 2000 (OR 4.48; P = 0.038) and a lower birth weight (OR 8.0 per kg weight; P = 0.001). Finally, of 93 survivors beyond year 1 of life, 76 (82%) had undergone a total of 224 reinterventions. Only 15 (16%) were alive without any surgical or catheter-based reintervention at study end.Conclusions
Despite recent surgical improvements, postnatal mortality continues to be substantial if CAT is complicated by significant pathology of the TV, aortic arch, or branch PAs. Reoperations and catheter interventions are eventualities for most patients during childhood. 相似文献5.
The aim of this review is to describe the characteristics of patient cohorts commonly used for translational biomarker research in prostate cancer and to outline the most prominent contemporary cohorts which serve as a source of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. A non‐systematic review of the literature was performed to identify and summarise well‐characterized translational prostate cancer cohorts that provide state‐of‐the‐art characterization of (i) primary and (ii) metastatic and castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The main advantages and features of these cohorts are a substantial number of patients, unique patient groups, comprehensive genetic characterisation of tumours using multi‐omics/next‐generation sequencing approaches, high‐quality control standards and fully or partially open data for the research community. This overview includes the contemporary cohorts which serve as a rich source of new targets for prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as a reference database for validation of known biomarkers, therefore representing the cohorts whose impact extends over the current state of biomarker research into the near future (5–10 years). 相似文献
6.
Soham Dasgupta Glen Iannucci Chad Mao Martha Clabby Matthew E. Oster 《Congenital heart disease》2019,14(5):868-877
Myocarditis has a variable clinical presentation and there is still debate regarding accurate diagnostic criteria. Adding to the controversy surrounding this diagnosis, there is no clear consensus for the treatment or ongoing follow‐up of patients with myocarditis. All of this makes the diagnosis and management of myocarditis a particular challenge in the pediatric population. Furthermore, the literature with respect to this topic is dynamic and ever‐changing. In this review article, we aim to review and summarize the common clinical presentations of myocarditis, along with the latest recommendations for diagnostic criteria, treatment, and follow‐up of patients with myocarditis. 相似文献
7.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded health insurance coverage and strengthened incentives for health care organizations to engage in community-wide health improvement initiatives. These incentives include enhanced community benefit requirements for tax-exempt hospitals, adjusted medical loss ratio requirements for health insurers, tax incentives for employers, and competitive federal funding through the Prevention and Public Health Fund. Reduced uncompensated care costs and cost-shifting may allow hospitals and other institutions to increase investments in community health, particularly when coupled with incentives to do so. Prior research is inconsistent regarding how health care organizations have responded to these reforms, due in part to data limitations. This study uses novel longitudinal data from a national cohort of U.S. communities to estimate whether changes in coverage and uncompensated care have led to changes in the implementation of community health activities by hospitals, physicians, insurers, and employers. The National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems (NALSYS) follows a national cohort of approximately 600 communities between 2012 and 2018 to measure the implementation of guideline-recommended community health improvement activities in each community and the network of organizations contributing to each activity. Importantly, these data are reported by local public health officials rather than by hospitals and health care institutions who may inflate reported contributions. Survey data are linked with county-level coverage estimates, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health care market structure data, and CMS hospital cost report data on uncompensated care costs. Fixed-effects regression models with instrumental variables (IV) are used to estimate the causal effects of changes in coverage and uncompensated care on implementation of community health activities by hospitals, physicians, insurers, and employers while controlling for unmeasured confounding. Stratified random sample of 600 U.S. counties observed between 2012 and 2018. Coverage increased and uncompensated care costs declined after 2014 in 87% and 73% of communities, respectively, but by widely varying magnitudes. IV estimates indicate that a 10% reduction in uncompensated care costs resulted in a 14% increase in implementation of community health activities by hospitals (P < 0.01), along with an 8% increase in implementation by insurers (P < 0.05). Results for physicians and employers were not statistically significant. The estimated hospital and insurer effects were concentrated in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility under ACA (P < 0.01). Hospitals and insurers have expanded their involvement in community-wide health activities proportionate with the level of decline in demand for uncompensated care in their communities. Incentives for health care institutions to engage in community-wide health improvement initiatives appear effective in communities where gains in coverage lead to savings that can be redeployed for community benefit. This response may be an important but unrecognized pathway through which coverage gains improve population health, but recent erosion in coverage may dampen this effect. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Holger W. Unger Stephan Karl Regina A. Wangnapi Peter Siba Glen Mola Jane Walker Ivo Mueller Maria Ome Stephen J. Rogerson 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2015,92(1):178-186
We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of fetal size in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG) involving 439 ultrasound-dated singleton pregnancies with no obvious risk factors for growth restriction. Sonographically estimated fetal weights (EFWs; N = 788) and birth weights (N = 376) were included in a second-order polynomial regression model (optimal fit) to generate fetal weight centiles. Means for specific fetal biometric measurements were also estimated. Fetal weight centiles from a healthy PNG cohort were consistently lower than those derived from Caucasian and Congolese populations, which overestimated the proportion of fetuses measuring small for gestational age (SGA; < 10th centile). Tanzanian and global reference centiles (Caucasian weight reference adapted to our PNG cohort) were more similar to those observed in our cohort, but the global reference underestimated SGA. Individual biometric measurements did not differ significantly from other cohorts. In rural PNG, a locally derived nomogram may be most appropriate for detection of SGA fetuses. 相似文献
10.
Xiying Fan Glen A. Bjerke Kent Riemondy Li Wang Rui Yi 《Molecular carcinogenesis》2019,58(12):2241-2253
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in prostate cancer development. However, it remains unclear how individual miRNAs contribute to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Here we show that a basal layer‐enriched miRNA is required for prostate tumorigenesis. We identify miR‐205 as the most highly expressed miRNA and enriched in the basal cells of the prostate. Although miR‐205 is not required for normal prostate development and homeostasis, genetic deletion of miR‐205 in a Pten null tumor model significantly compromises tumor progression and does not promote metastasis. In Pten null basal cells, loss of miR‐205 attenuates pAkt levels and promotes cellular senescence. Furthermore, although overexpression of miR‐205 in prostate cancer cells with luminal phenotypes inhibits cell growth in both human and mouse, miR‐205 has a minimal effect on the growth of a normal human prostate cell line. Taken together, we have provided genetic evidence for a requirement of miR‐205 in the progression of Pten null‐induced prostate cancer. 相似文献