There is limited evidence regarding the exposure-effect relationship between lung-cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung-cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case-control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung-cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects. A measurement-based job-exposure-matrix estimated job-year-region specific exposure levels to Cr(VI) and nickel, which were linked to the subjects' occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study, age group, smoking habits and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Due to their high correlation, we refrained from mutually adjusting for Cr(VI) and nickel independently. In men, ORs for the highest quartile of cumulative exposure to CR(VI) were 1.32 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.45) in relation to nickel. Analogous results among women were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.48-2.24) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.60-2.86), respectively. In men, excess lung-cancer risks due to occupational Cr(VI) and nickel exposure were also observed in each stratum of never, former and current smokers. Joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were in general greater than additive, but not different from multiplicative. In summary, relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. However, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson-type of error structure, which may cause differential bias of risk estimates. 相似文献
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Recent evidence has demonstrated in vitro activity against a wide variety of respiratory tract viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the current global pandemic COVID-19. A mechanism of action acting on different phases of the viral cycle is assumed. In addition to its in vitro antiviral properties, some evidence also suggests immunomodulatory and antifibrotic activity. These properties of azithromycin could be useful in the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19. However, clinical data on the antiviral efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections are inconsistent, both when used as monotherapy and in polypharmacological combination. In addition, cases of azithromycin-induced QT long and malignant arrhythmias are reported. In this short review, we attempt to determine the role of azithromycin in the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19, therapeutic efficacy, or inefficacy?
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a growing worldwide incidence. It is not uncommon that the disease is already metastatic at the time of the first diagnosis. Regional lymph nodes and skin are the first and most common metastatic sites, followed by distant visceral sites (lungs, liver, and central nervous system) and bone. In this clinical setting, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) often represents the first diagnostic approach. FNA is a useful tool to obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis, in conjunction with ancillary techniques and molecular analysis, as recommended by recent guidelines. The aim of this review was to describe the cytomorphology, immunocytochemical tools, and molecular tools used for the diagnosis of MM metastases on FNA. 相似文献
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To report a longitudinal analysis of specific optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in eyes with diabetic macular edema... 相似文献
Heart Failure Reviews - To compare the efficacy and safety of different mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in CS. A total of 24 studies (7 randomized controlled... 相似文献
Clinical Rheumatology - Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a benign condition characterised by triangular sclerosis of the iliac bone which may mimic radiographic sacroiliitis. Prevalence is... 相似文献
BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities. 相似文献
Cryotherapy
after orthognathic surgery is essential for the control of facial edema. The
aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of Hilotherapy face mask in
reducing facial edema after orthognathic surgery, studying facial surfaces with
an innovative, fast, economical 3D facial scan system based on an iPhone app.
Methods
Eighty-four
patients with Class III were included: 35 patients treated with Hilotherm after
orthognathic surgery (Group 1), 32 patients with ice packs (Group 2), 7
patients who refused cryotherapy (not 1 - not Group 2). Their facial scans
performed immediately after surgery (T0), at 24 (T1), 48 (T2) and 72 h (T3)
after surgery, were acquired in specific software, and the discrepancies
between them were studied in an accurate 3D volumetric method.
Results
We
measured a significantly better edema trend in Group 1 in the tragus–nasal wing
line and in the tragus–labial commissure line at T1, and also in the tragus–menton
line at T2 and T3.
Conclusions
In
conclusion, Hilotherapy represents a more comfortable and more effective
cryotherapy system in controlling the trend of facial edema after orthognathic
surgery. The method we used for the facial scans is accurate, cheap, smart, and
fast. As demonstrated by the 3D volumetric study of the face, the regions of
the middle third of the face are those in which the difference is most
noticeable.