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1.
The era of geriatric surgery has arrived with increased global life expectancy. The need to optimize outcomes in this group of patients goes beyond traditional outcomes such as postoperative morbidity and mortality indicators. Recognizing risk factors that impact adverse surgical outcomes such as frailty and sarcopenia, individualizing optimization strategies such as prehabilitation and a multidisciplinary geriatric surgical service have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes and help the older surgical patient regain premorbid function and maintain quality of life. There needs to be a concerted effort to increase awareness of this increasingly important topic in practicing surgeons around the world to meet the challenges of the aging population. 相似文献
2.
The test–retest reliability of the Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) for assessing type of urinary incontinence in males and females 下载免费PDF全文
Edmond PH Choi RN MPhil BNurs Cindy LK Lam MD MBBS FHKAM Weng Yee Chin MBBS FRACGP 《Journal of clinical nursing》2015,24(23-24):3742-3744
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Nittaya Phanuphak Nipat Teeratakulpisarn Frits van Griensven Nitiya Chomchey Suteeraporn Pinyakorn James LK Fletcher Rapee Trichavaroj Supanit Pattanachaiwit Nelson Michael Praphan Phanuphak Jerome H Kim Jintanat Ananworanich 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2015,18(1)
Introduction
HIV transmission risk is highest during acute HIV infection (AHI). We evaluated HIV RNA in the anogenital compartment in men who have sex with men (MSM) during AHI and compared time to undetectable HIV RNA after three-drug versus five-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) to understand risk for onward HIV transmission.Methods
MSM with AHI (n=54) had blood, seminal plasma and anal lavage collected for HIV RNA at baseline, days 3 and 7, and weeks 2, 4, 12 and 24. Data were compared between AHI stages: 1 (fourth-generation antigen-antibody combo immunoassay [IA]–, third-generation IA–, n=15), 2 (fourth-generation IA+, third-generation IA–, n=9) and 3 (fourth-generation IA+, third-generation IA+, western blot–/indeterminate, n=30) by randomization to five-drug (tenofovir+emtricitabine+efavirenz+raltegravir+maraviroc, n=18) versus three-drug (tenofovir+emtricitabine+efavirenz, n=18) regimens.Results
Mean age was 29 years and mean duration since HIV exposure was 15.4 days. Mean baseline HIV RNA was 5.5 in blood, 3.9 in seminal plasma and 2.6 log10 copies/ml in anal lavage (p<0.001). Blood and seminal plasma HIV RNA were higher in AHI Stage 3 compared to Stage 1 (p<0.01). Median time from ART initiation to HIV RNA <50 copies/ml was 60 days in blood, 15 days in seminal plasma and three days in anal lavage. Compared with the three-drug ART, the five-drug ART had a shorter time to HIV RNA <1500 copies/ml in blood (15 vs. 29 days, p=0.005) and <50 copies/ml in seminal plasma (13 vs. 24 days, p=0.048).Conclusions
Among MSM with AHI, HIV RNA was highest in blood, followed by seminal plasma and anal lavage. ART rapidly reduced HIV RNA in all compartments, with regimen intensified by raltegravir and maraviroc showing faster HIV RNA reductions in blood and seminal plasma. 相似文献4.
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Adrian J Lowe Mimi LK Tang Shyamali C Dharmage George Varigos Della Forster Lyle C Gurrin Colin F Robertson Michael J Abramson Katrina J Allen John Su 《BMC dermatology》2012,12(1):1-5
Background
Defects in skin barrier function are associated with an increase risk of eczema and atopic sensitisation. Ceramide-dominant triple lipid mixture may improve and maintain the infant skin barrier function, and if shown to be safe and feasible, may therefore offer an effective approach to reduce the incidence of eczema and subsequent atopic sensitisation. We sort to assess the safety and compliance with daily application of a ceramide-dominant triple lipid formula (EpiCeram?) commencing in the neonatal period for the prevention of eczema.Methods
Ten infants (0-4 weeks of age) with a family history of allergic disease were recruited into an open-label, phase one trial of daily application of EpiCeram? for six weeks. The primary outcomes were rate of compliance and adverse events. Data on development of eczema, and physiological properties of the skin (transepidermal water loss, hydration, and surface pH) were also measured.Results
Eighty percent (8/10) of mothers applied the study cream on 80% or more of days during the six week intervention period. Though a number of adverse events unrelated to study product were reported, there were no adverse skin reactions to the study cream.Conclusions
These preliminary results support the safety and parental compliance with daily applications of a ceramide-dominant formula for the prevention of eczema, providing the necessary ground work for a randomised clinical trial to evaluate EpiCeram? for the prevention of eczema.Trial registration
The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. ACTRN12609000727246. 相似文献9.
Wagner L Reis Wilson A Saad Luiz A Camargo Lucila LK Elias José Antunes-Rodrigues 《Behavioral and brain functions : BBF》2010,6(1):64
Background
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been described in several circumventricular and hypothalamic structures in the central nervous system that are implicated in mediating central angiotensin-II (ANG-II) actions during water deprivation and hypovolemia. Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses, drinking behavior, and urinary excretions were examined following central angiotensinergic stimulation in awake freely-moving rats pretreated with intracerebroventricular injections of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 μg), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and L-arginine (20 ug), a precursor of NO. 相似文献10.