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Objective: A multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme, the Vocational Enablement Protocol (VEP) was developed to address the specific needs of employees with hearing difficulties. In the current study we evaluated the process of implementing the VEP in audiologic care among employees with hearing impairment. Design: In conjunction with a randomized controlled trial, we collected and analysed data on seven process parameters: recruitment, reach, fidelity, dose delivered, dose received and implemented, satisfaction, and perceived benefit. Study sample: Sixty-six employees with hearing impairment participated in the VEP. The multidisciplinary team providing the VEP comprised six professionals. Results: The professionals performed the VEP according to the protocol. Of the recommendations delivered by the professionals, 31% were perceived as implemented by the employees. Compliance rate was highest for hearing-aid uptake (51%). Both employees and professionals were highly satisfied with the VEP. Participants rated good perceived benefit from it. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the VEP could be a useful treatment for employees with hearing difficulties from a process evaluation perspective. Implementation research in the audiological setting should be encouraged in order to further provide insight into parameters facilitating or hindering successful implementation of an intervention and to improve its quality and efficacy.  相似文献   
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Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation - Purpose Health problems among employees with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP) often result from an interplay of problems on multiple life domains....  相似文献   
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Quality of Life Research - The purpose of this study was to improve the measurement of participation. Research questions were as follows: (1) What constitutes participation according to adults? (2)...  相似文献   
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High salt (sodium chloride) consumption is an important determinant of high blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) statistics, over 80% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths take place in low-and middle-income countries, and elevated blood pressure levels were a major cause of these CVD deaths in those countries.1 Lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol have been considered the most important behavioural risk factors for heart disease and stroke.2Among dietary factors, high salt intake has been the most strongly associated with raised blood pressure and increased risk of stroke and CVD.3 Therefore dietary sodium restriction has been recommended as a non-pharmacological approach to blood pressure lowering,4-6 and for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases at the population level.7,8Cumulative evidence has shown that even a modest reduction in salt intake was associated with blood pressure lowering and therefore with a significant reduction in incidence of cardiovascular events.9-12 Furthermore, data from the most recent systematic review and meta-analyses has shown the benefit of lowering sodium intake in apparently healthy adults and children,13 and in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals, irrespective of gender and ethnic group.9Since hypertension is associated with CVD worldwide, a public health intervention to reduce high blood pressure must target the role of lifestyle, particularly reduced sodium intake.7 Therefore, several countries have initiated strategies to reduce dietary salt intake in the general population by a combination of various procedures such as public education, food labelling, and collaboration with the food industry to reduce the salt content of processed food.14Among sub-Saharan African countries, only Nigeria and South Africa have developed dietary guidelines regarding salt intake.15 Recently, the South African government implemented important specific legislation towards decreasing salt intake in the population by reducing sodium content of processed foods by industries.16 Therefore, the current public health recommendation is that countries should launch national initiatives to reduce the over-consumption of salt as part of non-communicable disease prevention and healthy nutrition policies for limiting salt intake to less than 5 g/day for the general population including children.7 Despite of this guideline, however, high sodium intake remains prevalent around the world, with average daily salt intake varying from 5 to 18 g/day per person.17Although processed foods have been found to be the principal source of excessive dietary salt intake,18 sources of dietary sodium vary largely worldwide and may be influenced by cultural context and dietary habits of the population.19 In sub-Saharan African countries experiencing demographic and epidemiological transition, the rapid rise in prevalence of CVD (chiefly hypertension) has been attributed to lifestyle change, including high dietary sodium intake.20,21 However, consistent data from studies on risk factors are lacking for the majority of these countries.With regard to Angola, available data from a cross-sectional study reported a high prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy,22 and high rate of the metabolic syndrome23 in an apparently healthy middle-aged population of university public employees living in urban and peri-urban areas.Determining the level of sodium intake in the population is crucial to establish intervention strategies and policy on reduction of sodium intake. For medical students in particular, it is very important to assess their awareness regarding dietary salt intake, since they are the future providers of healthcare information for the counselling of people about the need to reduce salt consumption. The aim of this study was to determine salt intake and to assess the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding dietary salt among medical students.  相似文献   
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