革兰阴性杆菌β-内酰胺酶表型和基因型研究

目的了解铜陵地区临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)、头孢菌素酶(AmpC酶)和金属β-内酰胺酶(MBL)的分布情况,并检测产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的ESBLs基因型鉴定。方法采用三维试验检测革兰阴性杆菌产ESBLs和AmpC酶,纸片协同法检测MBL,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对ESBLs表型阳性的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行TEM型、SHV型、CTX-M型三种耐药基因检测并克隆测序。结果356株革兰阴性杆菌检出产酶株90株,检出率25.3%。单产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌57株,检出率16.0%,以肺炎克雷伯(31.6%)、大肠埃希菌(31.0%)检出率高;单产AmpC酶4株,检出率1.1%,其中阴沟肠杆菌3株;同时产ESBLs和AmpC酶16株,检出率4.5%,以鲍曼不动杆菌(12.5%)检出率最高;产MBL细菌13株,均为非发酵菌,以嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌检出率最高,为71.4%。17株ESBLs表型阳性的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌有16株检出ESBLs耐药基因,其中CTX-M型15株(88.2%),TME型13株(76.1%),SHV型2株(11.8%),有11株细菌同时带有两种ESBLs基因,1株带有3种ESBLs基因。结论革兰阴性杆菌产生ESBLs、AmpC酶和MBL多种β内酰胺酶,铜陵地区大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs基因型以CTX-M型为主。     

铜陵地区2006年度深部真菌感染监测

目的 了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离的深部真菌分类和耐药状况.方法 2006年1～12月铜陵地区临床分离深部真菌,用生物梅里埃试剂盒AP120CAUX进行鉴定分类,ATB-FUNGus21NT进行药敏试验.结果 白色假丝酵母菌270株占64.3%,热带假丝酵母菌75株占17.8%,克柔假丝酵母菌20株占4.76%,近平滑假丝酵母菌18株占4.3%,光滑假丝酵母菌16株占3.8%,季也蒙假丝酵母菌7株占1.7%,葡萄牙假丝酵母菌4株占0.95%,酿酒假丝酵母菌3株占0.71%,其他假丝酵母菌7株占1.7%.420株深部真菌对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B敏感性分别是93.1%和95.2%,氟康唑敏感率51.4%,中介率6.7%,耐药率41.9%;伊曲康唑敏感率35%,中介率15%,耐药率50%;白色假丝酵母菌对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B耐药率都是1.85%,氟康唑耐药率46.3%,中介率1.85%,伊曲康唑耐药率51.9%,中介率3.7%;非白色假丝酵母菌对5-氟孢嘧啶和两性霉素耐药率分别是26.7%和33.3%,氟康唑耐药率30.7%,中介率12%,依曲康唑耐药率46%,中介率20.6%.结论 铜陵地区深部真菌种类与其他地区相同,而耐药性有差别,定期对本地区深部真菌耐药性进行监测,对合理使用抗真菌药物,延缓抗真菌药物使用周期,减少难治性真菌的产生和流行有重要临床指导价值.     

五株脆弱气单胞菌的分离鉴定

五株脆弱气单胞菌的分离鉴定潘晓龙，王丰气单胞菌广泛存在于自然界，尤其是水环境中，常常，导致人类胃肠炎以及创伤感染等疾病。其中脆弱气单胞菌（ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｔｒｏｔａ）是近年来从东南亚地区发现的又一新种，因其对氨苄青霉素和羧苄青霉素敏感，所以在与其它...     

1904株革兰阴性杆菌耐药性检测

目的 :了解临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌耐药状况及耐药性变迁。方法 :1997年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 12月临床分离革兰阴性杆菌 190 4株 ,排除同一患者的重复菌株 ,按统一方案用Kirby Bauer法进行药敏试验 ,按美国国家临床实验室标准委员会2 0 0 0年版标准判读结果。结果 :多数年份革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林耐药率高达 80 %以上。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林、喹诺酮类耐药率为 5 0 %左右 ,对第三代头孢菌素、阿米卡星耐药率逐步上升 ,1997、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 3各年相比 ,P <0 .0 5 ,差异有显著性 ,未见亚胺培南耐药株。克雷伯菌属对哌拉西林、第三代头孢菌素、喹诺酮类耐药率增加迅速 ,1997、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 3各年相比 ,P <0 .0 5。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、头孢哌酮耐药率上升明显 ,在 2 0 0 3年对头孢哌酮、头孢他啶耐药率为 2 6 .2 %、16 .4 %。对亚胺培南耐药率为 6 %。不动杆菌属对第三代头孢菌素的耐药率为 70 % ,对亚胺培南耐药率为 10 .3%。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对氨苄西林、头孢曲松、氨曲南、亚胺培南、庆大霉素和阿米卡星耐药率极高 ,仅对环丙沙星和复方磺胺甲唑耐药率较低。结论 :近年来革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性呈上升趋势 ,特别是对第三代头孢菌素耐药性上升最快 ,亚胺培南仍是目前对革兰阴性杆菌最有效的药物。     

铜陵地区医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的研究铜陵地区医院感染的病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法选取2009年1月-2013年1月铜陵地区的1 200例住院患者,分别采集其痰液、脓液、伤口分泌物、尿液、血液等进行细菌培养,并用全自动分析仪鉴定菌种,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验及耐药性分析。结果共分离病原菌830株,其中革兰阴性菌462株占55.66%,以大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰阳性菌368株占44.34%,以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性菌普遍对亚胺培南敏感,耐药率<10.00%,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性;革兰阳性菌普遍对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感,耐药率均为0,而对其他抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药。结论铜陵地区医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,除少数抗菌药物外,病原菌对多数抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药,因此需要对抗菌药物的临床应用进行规范指导。     

铜陵市部分医院细菌耐药性监测与分析

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area.Methods The clinical isolates were collected in Tongling area from Jananuary to December in 2007.Antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.Results Of 1375 clinical isolates,399 strains(29.0%)were gram positive bacteria,and 976 strains(71.0%)were gram negative bacteria.Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)accounted for 18.4% of staphylococcus aureus,while methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS)were 70.0% of coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS)respectively.MRSA and MRCNS were highly resistant to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,clindamycin and erythromycin;but displayed lower resistance to rifampicin,chloramphenicol and nitrofurantion.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus strain was found.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis were relatively low to penicillin,ampicillin,nitro furantion,fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.No vancomycin or teicoplanin-resistant enterococcus faecalis was isolated.The resistance rates of E.faecium were lower to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.Two strains of vancomycin-resistant E.faecium were identified.About of 49.3% of E.coli and 35.9% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs).The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing strains to 20 antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of ESBLs nonproducing ones.No imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolate was found.The resistance rate of non-fermenters was lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,amikacin or ciprofloxacin.Conclusion The resistance rate of gram positive bacteria is lower to glycopeptides.The resistance rate of gram negative bacilli is lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.Surveillance of bacterial resistance is of great importance for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the emergence of resistance.     

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因分析

目的 了解铜陵市人民医院分离的碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）的耐药基因型。方法 收集2011年5月至2016年8月铜陵市人民医院临床标本中分离的CRKP,采用VITEK-2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪进行鉴定,改良Hodge试验检测碳青霉烯酶表型,聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测碳青霉烯酶基因（bla_KPC、bla_IMP、bla_VIM、bla_NDM和bla_OXA-48）,并对各碳青霉烯酶基因阳性扩增产物进行基因测序。结果 共收集CRKP 90株,其中改良Hodge试验阳性84株（93.3%）,51株（56.7%）携带bla_KPC-2基因,2株（2.2%）携带bla_IMP-4基因,1株（1.1%）携带bla_VIM-1基因。结论 该院肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的主要耐药机制是产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶。     

ABI联合baPWV与双源CT冠状动脉成像的相关性研究

目的 通过与双源CT对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)、肱-踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)在辅助预测冠状动脉病变的临床价值.方法 搜集经双源CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)检查显示冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％并行ABI及baPWV检测的50例患者,分析ABI、baPWV与CTA冠状动脉狭窄支数、节段以及斑块数目的相关性.结果 单支、两支和三支病变组间的ABI值、baPWV值存在差异(P＜0.05),随着病变支数的增加,ABI逐渐减小,baPWV逐渐增加.两支病变时,ABI均值＜0.9;三支病变时,baPWV均值＞1400 cm/s,说明可能baPWV值更敏感.ABI＜ 0.9、ABI＞0.9两组间检出斑块数无差异(P＞0.05),狭窄节段数有统计学差异(P＜0.02);baPWV＜ 1400 cm/s、baPWV＞1400 cm/s组间斑块数及狭窄节段有统计学差异(P＜0.05).表明ABI ＜0.9、baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉狭窄可能性较大,baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉斑块出现的可能性较大.结论 ABI和baPWV与DSCT冠状动脉的狭窄支数、斑块数及狭窄节段数有关,可以用于辅助预测冠心病的严重程度.     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌表型及基因型研究

目的了解我院临床分离的大肠埃希菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表型和基因型分布情况。方法对88株大肠埃希菌进行耐药分析,并用筛选试验和确证试验确认产ESBLs菌株,对耐药基因进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增分析,选部分产物测序。结果88株大肠埃希菌中共检出31株产ESBLs(35.2%)菌株。产ESBLs菌株对头孢他啶的敏感率为58.1%,对头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的敏感率均为3.2%。PCR结果显示,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌基因主要是CTX-M型(90.3%),其中以CTX-M-14、CTX-M-3型为主;TEM基因均为TEM-1型,SHV基因均为SHV-1型。结论我院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌检出率为35.2%,其耐药性明显高于非产ESBLs菌株;其基因均为CTX-M型,其中以CTX-M-14和CTX-M-3型为主;TEM-1型广谱酶广泛存在于产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌中,则SHV-1型少见。     

铜陵市部分医院细菌耐药性监测与分析

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area.Methods The clinical isolates were collected in Tongling area from Jananuary to December in 2007.Antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.Results Of 1375 clinical isolates,399 strains(29.0%)were gram positive bacteria,and 976 strains(71.0%)were gram negative bacteria.Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)accounted for 18.4% of staphylococcus aureus,while methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS)were 70.0% of coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS)respectively.MRSA and MRCNS were highly resistant to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,clindamycin and erythromycin;but displayed lower resistance to rifampicin,chloramphenicol and nitrofurantion.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus strain was found.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis were relatively low to penicillin,ampicillin,nitro furantion,fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.No vancomycin or teicoplanin-resistant enterococcus faecalis was isolated.The resistance rates of E.faecium were lower to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.Two strains of vancomycin-resistant E.faecium were identified.About of 49.3% of E.coli and 35.9% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs).The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing strains to 20 antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of ESBLs nonproducing ones.No imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolate was found.The resistance rate of non-fermenters was lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,amikacin or ciprofloxacin.Conclusion The resistance rate of gram positive bacteria is lower to glycopeptides.The resistance rate of gram negative bacilli is lower to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.Surveillance of bacterial resistance is of great importance for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the emergence of resistance.