老年血液病院内感染临床特点及预防措施研究进展

1老年血液病院内感染现状1.1老年血液病院内感染发生率血液病是一种起源于造血系统组织或影响造血系统伴发的血液异常改变,疾病类型包括红细胞疾病(如贫血、红细胞增多症等)、白细胞疾病(如急性白血病、粒细胞缺乏症等)、出血或凝血疾病(如血管/过敏性紫癜、血小板减少症、血友病等)、淋巴瘤及其他疾病(如非/霍奇金淋巴瘤、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤等)。     

某高校大学生艾滋病主动检测意愿与影响因素

目的 了解青年学生艾滋病主动检测意愿的现状,提出促进青年学生主动检测意愿的建议,为进一步提高青年学生艾滋病检测意愿的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 采用自编促进大学生HIV主动检测意愿调查问卷,用整群抽样方法抽取成都某高校778名在校大学进行问卷调查。结果 在被调查的778名大学生中,91.6%的学生有艾滋主动检测意愿,在不同年级(χ2=11.416,P=0.010)、认为自己感染艾滋病风险情况(χ2=18.615,P＜0.001)等因素上差异均有统计学意义。多因素 logistic 回归分析显示年级为大二或大三、认为自己艾滋病感染风险为非常低或比较低或一般(P均＜0.05)的青年学生更愿意进行艾滋病主动检测。结论 该高校大学生艾滋病主动检测意愿较高。应该结合该高校学生的特性,开展有针对性的艾滋病宣传教育活动,以此提高大学生HIV主动检测率。     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Ramucirumab in Combination with FOLFOX4 in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nonrandomized,Open‐Label,Phase Ib Study

Lessons Learned

• The combination of ramucirumab (8 mg/kg intravenous, day 1 every 2 weeks) and FOLFOX4 as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was not sufficiently tolerated.
• Preliminary efficacy data suggest that the combination may provide clinical benefit to patients with HCC.
• Dose modification and patient selection should be considered for the future development of ramucirumab plus FOLFOX chemotherapy for advanced HCC.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the safety, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of ramucirumab plus FOLFOX4 as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients received ramucirumab (8 mg/kg) intravenously (IV) on day 1, followed by FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m² IV on day 1, folinic acid 200 mg/m² IV, bolus fluorouracil [5‐FU] 400 mg/m², and a continuous infusion of 5‐FU 600 mg/m² over 22 hours, on days 1 and 2) every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety and tolerability of the combination therapy.ResultsEight patients (6 men, 2 women) were treated; all eight patients experienced at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) of grade ≥3. Dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in three patients (37.5%): hepatic hemorrhage (grade 4), blood bilirubin increased (grade 3), and febrile neutropenia (grade 3). Two patients discontinued study because of hepatic hemorrhage (grade 4) and blood bilirubin increase (grade 3). Six deaths occurred due to progressive disease, and no deaths due to TEAEs.ConclusionThere were no unexpected safety findings with ramucirumab plus FOLFOX4 based on the known safety and toxicity of this regimen. The combination was not sufficiently tolerated in patients with advanced HCC at the specified dose and schedule.