Epidemiology of overall and early-onset serrated polyps versus conventional adenomas in a colonoscopy screening cohort

Serrated polyps (SPs) are precursors to one-third of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with histological subtypes: hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of early-onset CRC before the age of 50 is increasing, with limited understanding of SPs in younger cohorts. Using a large colonoscopy-based cohort, we characterized epidemiologic profiles of SP subtypes, compared to conventional adenomas, with secondary analysis on early-onset polyps. Ninety-four thousand four hundred and twenty-seven patients underwent screening colonoscopies between 2010 and 2018. Demographic, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of each polyp subtype were described. High-risk polyps included SSLs ≥10 mm/with dysplasia and conventional adenomas ≥10 mm/with tubulovillous/villous histology/high-grade dysplasia. We examined polyp prevalence with age and compared early- (age < 50) and late-onset polyps (age ≥ 50). Eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty-five patients had SPs (4357 SSLs, 15 415 HPs, 120 TSAs) and 26 699 had conventional adenomas. High-risk SSLs were enriched in the ascending colon (44.1% vs 2.6-35.8% for other locations; P < .003). Early- and late-onset SPs had similar subsite distribution. Early-onset conventional adenomas were more enriched in the distal colon/rectum (51.8% vs 43.4%, P < .001). Multiple conventional adenomas were more represented in late-onset groups (40.8% vs 33.8%, P < .001), with no difference in SSLs. The prevalence of conventional adenomas/high-risk conventional adenomas increased continuously with age, whereas the prevalence of SSLs/high-risk SSLs was stable from age 40 years onwards. A higher proportion of women were diagnosed with early-onset than late-onset SSLs (62.9% vs 57.6%, P = .03). Conventional adenomas, SSLs, early- and late-onset polyps have distinct epidemiology. The findings have implications for improved colonoscopy screening and surveillance and understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of CRC.     

核医学学科新增医疗服务项目定价方法研究

目的：基于以价值为基础的定价方法，计算核医学学科新增医疗服务项目镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗的医疗服务价格。为相关新增医疗服务项目的申报和定价打下循证基础，为合理补偿医务人员劳动价值、提升患者服务项目可及性提供依据。方法：采集2021年3—12月使用“镭核素[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗资源投入及费用数据采集表”相关数据，开展专家访谈进行系数赋值和基线对照项目确定，得到镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗服务各个环节的成本和新增服务的价值。结果：镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗服务按服务特点分为注射前评估、治疗计划、给药、给药后监测、废弃物处理与监测等环节，各环节3地平均人力耗时分别为104分钟、39分钟、25分钟、72分钟和56分钟，中位物耗成本为48.20元，3地总成本(平均人力成本+中位物耗成本)为763.68元。结合系数赋值结果和基线对比项目，得到新增项目的价值为810.19元。结论：运用基于技术难度和风险程度的价值定价理论，计算镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗新增医疗服务项目的服务价值，建议以价值作为服务定价依据。该定价公式和研究方法不仅可用于其他核医学学科新增服务项目的定价，还适用于现行医疗服务项目的价格动态调整，为未来学科价格工作提供方法学参考。     

The magnitude and progress of lean body mass,fat-free mass,and skeletal muscle mass loss following bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Postbariatric loss of muscle tissue could negatively affect long-term health due to its role in various bodily processes, such as metabolism and functional capacity. This meta-analysis aimed to unravel time-dependent changes in the magnitude and progress of lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Fifty-nine studies assessed LBM (n = 37), FFM (n = 20), or SMM (n = 3) preoperatively and ≥1 time points postsurgery. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine pooled loss per outcome parameter and follow-up time point. At 12-month postsurgery, pooled LBM loss was ?8.13 kg [95%CI ?9.01; ?7.26]. FFM loss and SMM loss were ?8.23 kg [95%CI ?10.74; ?5.73] and ?3.18 kg [95%CI ?5.64; ?0.71], respectively. About 55% of 12-month LBM loss occurred within 3-month postsurgery, followed by a more gradual decrease up to 12 months. Similar patterns were seen for FFM and SMM. In conclusion, >8 kg of LBM and FFM loss was observed within 1-year postsurgery. LBM, FFM, and SMM were predominantly lost within 3-month postsurgery, highlighting that interventions to mitigate such losses should be implemented perioperatively.     

Risk factors and outcomes of fatal respiratory events after esophageal cancer surgery from 2011 through 2018: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea

Esophagus - Pulmonary complications are common after esophageal cancer surgery, but information regarding fatal respiratory events, such as postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...     

Peri-operative tobacco cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially increased risk of postoperative complications. The peri-operative period offers a unique opportunity to support patients to stop tobacco smoking, avoid complications and improve long-term health. This systematic review provides an up-to-date summary of the evidence for tobacco cessation interventions in surgical patients. We conducted a systematic search of randomised controlled trials of tobacco cessation interventions in the peri-operative period. Quantitative synthesis of the abstinence outcomes data was by random-effects meta-analysis. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was abstinence at the time of surgery, and the secondary outcome was abstinence at 12 months. Thirty-eight studies are included in the review (7310 randomised participants) and 26 studies are included in the meta-analysis (5969 randomised participants). Studies were pooled for subgroup analysis in two ways: by the timing of intervention delivery within the peri-operative period and by the intensity of the intervention protocol. We judged the quality of evidence as moderate, reflecting the degree of heterogeneity and the high risk of bias. Overall, peri-operative tobacco cessation interventions increased successful abstinence both at the time of surgery, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.48 (1.20–1.83), number needed to treat 7; and 12 months after surgery, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.62 (1.29–2.03), number needed to treat 9. More work is needed to inform the design and optimal delivery of interventions that are acceptable to patients and that can be incorporated into contemporary elective and urgent surgical pathways. Future trials should use standardised outcome measures.     

基于规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白技术检测乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA方法的建立

目的建立一种基于规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas13a)的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)共价闭合环状DNA(HBV cccDNA)检测方法。方法提取2017年6月至2020年10月于首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院就诊的4例乙型肝炎患者肝脏总DNA后,使用HindⅢ内切酶和质粒安全性ATP依赖DNA酶(PSAD)分别进行酶切;根据松弛环状DNA(rcDNA)和cccDNA的结构差异,设计特异性扩增HBV cccDNA的引物,对酶切后的产物进行滚环扩增(RCA)和PCR扩增;并筛选crRNA,建立基于CRISPR/Cas13a技术的HBV cccDNA检测新方法。结果利用α-1-抗胰蛋白酶(A1AT)和HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)引物对双重酶切后的产物进行扩增,验证产物中HBV基因组的存在;利用HBV cccDNA和HBV rcDNA引物对PSDA酶切后的产物扩增,验证了产物中只存在HBV cccDNA;利用RCA后的阳性样本作为模板梯度稀释,然后进行PCR扩增转录后使用CRISPR/Cas13a检测,计算出检测下限为10拷贝/μl。结论本研究建立了RCA-PCR-CRISPR-Cas13a的新型检测方法,可对HBV cccDNA进行高灵敏度和高特异性检测,为乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗评估、治疗终点的确定以及调整治疗方案提供了有效的监测手段。