首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   51篇
  免费   1篇
临床医学   5篇
内科学   16篇
神经病学   10篇
外科学   1篇
综合类   2篇
预防医学   4篇
药学   10篇
肿瘤学   4篇
  2022年   1篇
  2021年   1篇
  2020年   1篇
  2019年   2篇
  2017年   1篇
  2016年   3篇
  2014年   2篇
  2013年   2篇
  2012年   2篇
  2011年   6篇
  2009年   1篇
  2006年   4篇
  2005年   2篇
  2004年   1篇
  2003年   1篇
  1999年   1篇
  1997年   1篇
  1996年   1篇
  1992年   2篇
  1990年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1987年   1篇
  1986年   3篇
  1983年   3篇
  1980年   2篇
  1979年   1篇
  1977年   2篇
  1976年   1篇
  1975年   1篇
排序方式: 共有52条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cancer Procoagulant (CP), a cysteine proteinase which triggers blood coagulation by directly activating Factor X (FX) in the absence of Factor VII (F VII), has recently been isolated from rabbit V2 carcinoma and biochemically characterized. We have studied the procoagulant activity of tissue extracts from 4 murine experimental tumors in order to define whether or not a F VII-independent activity with cysteine proteinase characteristics was present. The tumors studied were: Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), B16 melanoma (B16), JW sarcoma (JWS) and the M4 variant of the mFS6 fibrosarcoma (M4). Extracts from 3LL, B16 and JWS tumor initiated coagulation in both the presence and absence of F VII, their procoagulant activity was sensitive to iodoacetamide (1 mM) and mercury chloride (0.1 mM). The procoagulant of M4 extract was dependent on the presence of F VII and was not significantly affected by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors. An Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion study showed immunological cross-reactivity of all but M4 extracts to a polyclonal antibody to purified CP. The present study suggests that the procoagulant(s) present in the murine tumors 3LL, B16 and JWS are enzymatically and immunologically indistinguishable from cancer procoagulant of the rabbit V2 carcinoma.  相似文献   
6.
BACKGROUND: Although risk assessment charts have been proposed to identify patients at high cardiovascular risk, in everyday practice general practitioners (GPs) often use their knowledge of the patients to estimate the risk subjectively. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study aimed to describe how GPs perceive, qualify and grade cardiovascular risk in everyday practice. METHODS: General practitioners had to identify in a random sample of 10% of their contacts the first 20 consecutive patients perceived as being at cardiovascular risk. For each patient essential data were collected on clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, for the qualification of risk. At the end of the process GPs subjectively estimated the overall patient's level of risk. General practitioners grading was compared with the risk estimate from a reference chart. RESULTS: Over a mean time of 25 days 3120 patients perceived as being at cardiovascular risk were enrolled. According to the inclusion scheme each GP had contact with more than 200 patients at cardiovascular risk every month. Thirty percent of these patients had atherosclerotic diseases. Up to 72% of patients without any history of atherosclerotic diseases but perceived to be at risk could be classified according to a reference chart as being at moderate to very high risk. Comparing GPs' grading of risk with a chart estimate there was agreement in 42% of the cases. Major determinants of GPs' underestimation of risk were age, sex and smoking habits, while obesity and family history were independently associated with overestimation. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of their perception GPs properly identify patients at cardiovascular risk in the majority of cases. General practitioners subjective grading of risk level only partially agreed with that given by a chart.  相似文献   
7.
It has previously been shown that salicylate (S) acts as a vitamin K (vit K)-antagonist inducing a decrease in plasma levels of vit K-dependent clotting factors and inhibiting the vit K-dependent carboxylation reaction in the liver. In this study we evaluated whether this biochemical effect had a possible functional role. Indeed, we tested in rats the antithrombotic potency of S (175 mg/kg/i.p. twice a day for 3 days) on experimentally induced venous thrombosis. Its possible haemorrhagic effect was evaluated by measuring the bleeding time. Low-dose warfarin (W) (0.2, 0.1, 0.1 mg/kg/i.v. for 3 days) was utilized as control drug. To check for a possible potentiation between S and W, we tested the effects of their combination (S + W). Thrombotest was used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of each treatment. The incidence of thrombus formation, after venous stasis, was not significantly affected by any of the treatments used, but a significant reduction in thrombus weight was observed after either S or W treatment. Both drugs partially prolonged the Thrombotest without affecting either the bleeding time or the peri-operative mortality (mainly due to internal bleeding). When the combination S + W was used, no significant benefit was observed on the prevention of thrombus incidence or weight, although a marked Thrombotest prolongation was recorded. On the other hand this combination resulted in a pronounced bleeding tendency, as expressed in a significant prolongation of bleeding time and increased total mortality. Thus S, at doses inducing moderate anticoagulation may prevent venous thrombosis without relevant bleeding complications.  相似文献   
8.
Thrombolysis is proposed for the acute treatment of cerebral infarction as it is able to recanalize occluded arteries and thus potentially restore normal perfusion of the cerebral parenchyma, but the results concerning the efficacy of this treatment are still inconclusive. However, it has been fully demonstrated that thrombolytic treatment, leads to a significant reduction in mortality, in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Data from all of the pilot studies using SK or rPA treatment in acute stroke are described in this review, which underlines the incidence of hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic infart and parenchymal hematoma) and its possible correlation to clinical worsening.Pharmacological, experimental and clinical studies encourage the carrying out of large-scale clinical trials using thrombolytics in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Significant data relating to ongoing controlled clinical trials will be available in the near future; only after the analysis of these results will it be possible to confirm the efficacy of thrombolytics in acute stroke.
Sommario La trombolisi è stata proposta nella fase acuta dell'infarto cerebrale quale terapia potenzialmente in grado di operare una ricanalizzazione arteriosa ed una conseguente riperfusione dell'area ischemica; ad oggi, però, i risultati degli studi eseguiti non permettono di provarne la reale efficacia. È già stato invece ampiamente dimostrato come il trattamento trombolitico determini una significantiva riduzione della mortalità nei pazienti colpiti da infarto miocardico acuto.In questa revisione vengono esaminati i risultati degli studi pilota condotti su pazienti con ictus acuto trattati con Streptokinasi o tPA, mettendo in luce l'incidenza delle trasformazioni emorragiche (infarto emorragico ed ematoma intraparenchimale) correlate all'evoluzione clinica.Gli studi farmacologici, sperimentali e clinici incoraggiano l'esecuzione di ampi studi con l'utilizzo della trombolisi anche in pazienti con infarto cerebrale.Prossimamente conosceremo i risultati degli studi in via di completamento: solo l'analisi di quei dati ci permetterà di confermare la reale efficacia di questo trattamento.
  相似文献   
9.
10.

OBJECTIVE

The study objectives were 1) to assess the effectiveness and safety of a standardized protocol for the transition to subcutaneous insulin and oral feeding in diabetic or hyperglycemic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were receiving intravenous insulin and glucose at the time of the transfer from the intensive cardiac care unit to a general ward and 2) to identify predictors of transition outcome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a prospective observational study. The protocol specifies that patients receive a 100% of their daily subcutaneous insulin requirement from the first day of oral feeding, calculated from the intravenous insulin rate during the final 12 h divided into two: 50% basal and 50% prandial.

RESULTS

In 142 patients (93 male, 49 female, age range 47–88 years, 135 with known diabetes) the first day after transition, 44.8% of blood glucose (BG) measurements were within the strict range of 100–140 mg/dL before meals and 100–180 mg/dL after meals, and 70.8% were within the broader ranges of 80–160 mg/dL and 80–200 mg/dL, respectively. Pre- or postprandial hypoglycemia (BG <70 mg/dL) occurred in 11 patients (7.7%) on the first day and in 38 patients (26.8%) on the first 3 days after transition. Old age, high doses of intravenous insulin, and wide BG variations in the 24 h before insulin infusion was stopped were predictive of poor BG control after transition.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows the effectiveness and safety of a standardized protocol for the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin in patients with ACS when regular oral feeding was resumed.In critically ill patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia who are admitted to intensive care units, intravenous infusion of insulin is the recommended treatment (16). During the postacute phase, many guidelines and recommendations suggest switching to subcutaneous insulin when patients begin eating regular meals and are moved to a lower-intensity care setting (16).There are few observational and intervention studies on the procedure for the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin, and almost all concerned patients who had undergone operation and took little if any food (711). The transition is delicate because of the patients’ clinical condition and the organizational context in which they are transferred from an intensive care unit to a general ward. The few studies that have examined the course of blood glucose (BG) after interruption of intravenous insulin have documented inadequate control in the absence of a standardized transition protocol (9,12). In addition, the literature reporting the predictors of optimal transition is scarce and refers mainly to patients postsurgery (7,9,10).The objectives of this prospective observational study were to
  1. assess the effectiveness and safety of a standardized protocol for conversion from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during the transfer from the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) to the general ward; and
  2. identify predictive factors of transition outcome.
  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号