CNS Maturation Process in Children and Adolescents in the Northern Region of the Russian Federation and Its Reflection in the Dynamics of Integral EEG Parameters

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - We present here results from analysis of the formation of brain bioelectrical activity in children and adolescents living in the northern region of Russia...     

Ex vivo porcine model for eye,eyelid, and orbit movement analysis of 4-mm ferromagnetic foreign bodies in MRI

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Ferromagnetic foreign bodies (FFB) present during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) explorations can lead to tissue injury due to...     

Knockdown of DEAD-box 51 inhibits tumor growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies that seriously threaten people’s health worldwide.DEAD-box helicase 51(DDX51)is a member of the DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicase family,and drives or inhibits tumor progression in multiple cancer types.AIM To determine whether DDX51 affects the biological behavior of ESCC.METHODS The expression of DDX51 in ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by Immunohistochemistry(IHC)analyses and quantitative PCR(qPCR).We knocked down DDX51 in ESCC cell lines by using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection.The proliferation,apoptosis,and mobility of DDX51 siRNAtransfected cells were detected.The effect of DDX51 on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway was investigated by western blot analysis.A mouse xenograft model was established to investigate the effects of DDX51 knockdown on ESCC tumor growth.RESULTS DDX51 exhibited high expression in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues and represented a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.Knockdown of DDX51 induced inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Moreover,DDX51 siRNA-expressing cells also exhibited lower migration and invasion rates.Investigations into the underlying mechanisms suggested that DDX51 knock down induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway,including decreased phosphorylation levels of phosphate and tensin homolog,PI3K,AKT,and mammalian target of rapamycin.Rescue experiments demonstrated that the AKT activator insulin-like growth factor 1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of DDX51 on ESCC malignant development.Finally,we injected DDX51 siRNA-transfected TE-1 cells into an animal model,which resulted in slower tumor growth.CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that DDX51 promotes cancer cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway;thus,DDX51 might be a therapeutic target for ESCC.     

Correction to: “Living with COVID”—implications for immunosuppressed and immunocompromised

Clinical Rheumatology -     

补肾活血方对血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经细胞自噬的影响＊

目的 探究补肾活血方对血管性痴呆（Vascular Dementia， VD）大鼠模型自噬的影响。方法 52周龄SD雄性大鼠50只，随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（VD组）、模型+补肾活血方组（BSHX组）、模型+雷帕霉素组（Rap组）和模型+3-甲基腺嘌呤组（3-MA组），每组10只大鼠。除Sham组外其余各组采用两血管阻断法（2-VO）建立VD模型。BSHX组中药灌胃治疗28天；自噬干预组于造模前30 min侧脑室给药。运用Morris水迷宫测试各组大鼠的学习记忆能力；通过尼氏染色和透射电子显微镜（Transmission electron microscope，TEM）观察大鼠海马区病理形态及自噬变化；采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法和反转录实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测大鼠海马Beclin-1、P62以及微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）蛋白及mRNA表达情况。结果 与VD组比较，BSHX组大鼠学习记忆能力显著提升（P<0.05），镜下观察BSHX组和3-MA组的细胞形态及数量均有改善，自噬小体鲜见，Beclin-1以及LC3蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著降低（P<0.05），P62蛋白和mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）结论 补肾活血方可以降低VD大鼠海马区Beclin-1和LC3蛋白及mRNA的表达，提高P62的表达，通过抑制自噬的发生，减轻对神经细胞的损伤，改善学习记忆能力。