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Lauren Butler Barry M. Popkin Jennifer M. Poti 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(3):409-420.e3
Background
Findings from studies of alcohol and obesity measures (eg, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index [BMI; calculated as kg/m2]) are conflicting. Residual confounding by dietary intake, inconsistent definitions of alcohol consumption across studies, and the inclusion of former drinkers in the nondrinking comparison group can contribute to the mixed literature.Objective
This study examines associations of alcoholic beverage consumption with dietary intake, WC, and BMI.Design
Cross-sectional data from the 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed.Participants/setting
Adults 20 to 79 years of age (n=7,436 men; n=6,939 women) were studied.Main outcome measures
Associations of alcoholic beverage consumption with energy (kcal), macronutrient and sugar intakes (% kcal), WC, and BMI were determined.Statistical analyses performed
Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine associations of average daily volume and drinking quantity (ie, drinks per drinking day) with dietary intake and obesity measures. Former and never drinkers were analyzed as distinct categories; associations of drinking with WC and BMI were examined with and without adjustment for dietary intake variables.Results
Heavier-drinking men (≥3 drinks/day) and women (≥2 drinks/day) consumed less nonalcoholic energy (β ?252 kcal/day, 95% CI ?346 to ?159 kcal/day and β ?159 kcal/day, 95% CI ?245 to ?73 kcal/day, respectively) than moderate drinkers (1 to 2 drinks/day in men and 1 drink/day in women). By average daily drinking volume, differences in WC and BMI between former and moderate drinkers were +1.78 cm (95% CI 0.51 to 3.05 cm) and +0.65 (95% CI 0.12 to 1.18) in men and +4.67 cm (95% CI 2.95 to 6.39 cm) and +2.49 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.34) in women. Compared with moderate drinking, heavier drinking volume was not associated with WC or BMI among men or women. In men, drinking ≥5 drinks/drinking day was associated with higher WC (β 3.48 cm, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.00 cm) and BMI (β 1.39, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.00) compared with men who consumed 1 to 2 drinks/drinking day. In women, WC and BMI were not significantly different for women drinking ≥4 drinks/drinking day compared with 1 drink/drinking day.Conclusions
Differences in dietary intake across drinking subgroups and separation of former drinkers from nondrinkers should be considered in studies of alcohol intake in relation to WC and BMI. 相似文献5.
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Andrea K. Vaags PhD Sarah Bowdin BM MSc MRCPCH Mary‐Lou Smith PhD Brigitte Gilbert‐Dussardier MD Katja S. Brocke‐Holmefjord MD Katia Sinopoli PhD CPsych Cindy Gilles MSc Tove B. Haaland MD Catherine Vincent‐Delorme MD Emmanuelle Lagrue MD Radu Harbuz MD Susan Walker PhD Christian R. Marshall PhD Gunnar Houge MD PhD Vera M. Kalscheuer PhD Stephen W. Scherer PhD Berge A. Minassian MD 《Annals of neurology》2014,76(5):758-764
Synaptic function is central to brain function. Understanding the synapse is aided by studies of patients lacking individual synaptic proteins. Common neurological diseases are genetically complex. Their understanding is likewise simplified by studies of less common monogenic forms. We detail the disease caused by absence of the synaptic protein CNKSR2 in 8 patients ranging from 6 to 62 years old. The disease is characterized by intellectual disability, attention problems, and abrupt lifelong language loss following a brief early childhood epilepsy with continuous spike‐waves in sleep. This study describes the phenotype of CNKSR2 deficiency and its involvement in systems underlying common neurological disorders. Ann Neurol 2014;76:758–764 相似文献
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Meredith Achey BM Jason L. Aldred MD Noha Aljehani MD Bastiaan R. Bloem MD PhD Kevin M. Biglan MD MPH Piu Chan MD PhD Esther Cubo MD PhD E. Ray Dorsey MD MBA Christopher G. Goetz MD Mark Guttman MD Anhar Hassan MB BCh FRACP Suketu M. Khandhar MD Zoltan Mari MD Meredith Spindler MD Caroline M. Tanner MD PhD Pieter van den Haak MSc Richard Walker MD Jayne R. Wilkinson MD 《Movement disorders》2014,29(7):871-883
Travel distance, growing disability, and uneven distribution of doctors limit access to care for most Parkinson's disease (PD) patients worldwide. Telemedicine, the use of telecommunications technology to deliver care at a distance, can help overcome these barriers. In this report, we describe the past, present, and likely future applications of telemedicine to PD. Historically, telemedicine has relied on expensive equipment to connect single patients to a specialist in pilot programs in wealthy nations. As the cost of video conferencing has plummeted, these efforts have expanded in scale and scope, now reaching larger parts of the world and extending the focus from care to training of remote providers. Policy, especially limited reimbursement, currently hinders the growth and adoption of these new care models. As these policies change and technology advances and spreads, the following will likely develop: integrated care networks that connect patients to a wide range of providers; education programs that support patients and health care providers; and new research applications that include remote monitoring and remote visits. Together, these developments will enable more individuals with PD to connect to care, increase access to expertise for patients and providers, and allow more‐extensive, less‐expensive participation in research. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society 相似文献
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Tara S Beattie Parinita Bhattacharjee Shajy Isac HL Mohan Milena Simic-Lawson BM Ramesh James F Blanchard Stephen Moses Charlotte H Watts Lori Heise 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2015,18(1)
Introduction
Female sex workers (FSWs) frequently experience violence, harassment and arrest by the police or their clients, but there is little evidence as to the impact that such factors may have on HIV risk or whether community interventions could mitigate this impact.Methods
As part of the evaluation of the Avahan programme in Karnataka, serial integrated behavioural and biological assessment (IBBA) surveys (four districts) (2005 to 2011) and anonymous polling booth surveys (PBS) (16 districts) (2007 to 2011) were conducted with random samples of FSWs. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess 1) changes in reported violence and arrests over time and 2) associations between violence by non-partners and police arrest and HIV/STI risk and prevalence. Mediation analysis was used to identify mediating factors.Results
5,792 FSWs participated in the IBBAs and 15,813 participated in the PBS. Over time, there were significant reductions in the percentages of FSWs reporting being raped in the past year (PBS) (30.0% in 2007, 10.0% in 2011, p<0.001), being arrested in the past year [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.57 (0.35, 0.93), p=0.025] and being beaten in the past six months by a non-partner (clients, police, pimps, strangers, rowdies) [AOR 0.69 (0.49, 0.95), p=0.024)] (IBBA). The proportion drinking alcohol (during the past week) also fell significantly (32.5% in 2005, 24.9% in 2008, 16.8% in 2011; p<0.001). Violence by non-partners (being raped in the past year and/or beaten in the past six months) and being arrested in the past year were both strongly associated with HIV infection [AOR 1.59 (1.18, 2.15), p=0.002; AOR 1.91 (1.17, 3.12), p=0.01, respectively]. They were also associated with drinking alcohol (during the past week) [AOR 1.98 (1.54, 2.53), p<0.001; AOR 2.79 (1.93, 4.04), p<0.001, respectively], reduced condom self-efficacy with clients [AOR 0.36 (0.27, 0.47), p<0.001; AOR 0.62 (0.39, 0.98), p=0.039, respectively], symptomatic STI (during the past year) [AOR 2.62 (2.07, 3.30), p<0.001; AOR 2.17 (1.51, 3.13), p<0.001, respectively], gonorrhoea infection [AOR 2.79 (1.51, 5.15), p=0.001; AOR 2.69 (0.96, 7.56), p=0.060, respectively] and syphilis infection [AOR 1.86 (1.04, 3.31), p=0.036; AOR 3.35 (1.78, 6.28), p<0.001, respectively], but not with exposure to peer education, community mobilization or HIV testing uptake. Mediation analysis suggests that alcohol use and STIs may partially mediate the association between violence or arrests and HIV prevalence.Discussion
Violence by non-partners and arrest are both strongly associated with HIV infection among FSWs. Large-scale, comprehensive HIV prevention programming can reduce violence, arrests and HIV/STI infection among FSWs. 相似文献10.
Kirsi Murtomäki MD Tuomas Mertsalmi MD Elina Jaakkola MD PhD Elina Mäkinen MD PhD Reeta Levo RN Tanja Nojonen RN Mikael Eklund BM Simo Nuuttila BM Kari Lindholm RN Eero Pekkonen MD PhD Juho Joutsa MD PhD Tommi Noponen PhD Toni Ihalainen PhD Valtteri Kaasinen MD PhD Filip Scheperjans MD PhD 《Movement disorders》2022,37(6):1284-1289