Comparison of microtransplantation,chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation in post-remission therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph⁺ ALL) have poor prognosis, and the efficacy of chemotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) followed by mismatched donor stem cell infusion (microtransplantation, MST) has not been determined. We retrospectively summarized 45 patients including 11 undergoing MST with TKIs, 17 receiving allogeneic transplant and 17 undergoing chemotherapy with TKIs. Improved 4-year overall survival rate was observed in the MST group (91%) compared with either transplant group (31%, P = .005) or chemotherapy group (36%, P = .013). The MST group also had higher 2-year and 4-year leukemia-free survival rates (91% and 72%, respectively) compared with either transplant group (33%, P = .005 and 33%, P = .021, respectively) or chemotherapy group (41%, P = .017 and 31%, P = .023, respectively). 2-year and 4-year cumulative incidences of hematologic relapse were lower in the MST group (9% and 28%, respectively) compared with those in the chemotherapy group (56%, P = .025 and 67%, P = .034, respectively). In patients undergoing MST, donor microchimerism was detected (1.07 × 10^-5 to 6.6 × 10^-4 copies from 9 to 1499 days) in 7 patients, and donor/patient-derived HLA*0201/2402⁺WT1⁺CD8⁺ T cells were found from 0.05% to 0.67% in 6 patients. MST may provide a favorable treatment for patients with Ph⁺ ALL.     

自主学习结合情景模拟在医学生技能培训中的应用

目的 探讨自主学习结合情景模拟教学法在医学生技能培训中的应用效果和意义。方法 选取2012级的60 名医学生进行研究，随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各30 人，培训前对两组学员进行考核，成绩无统计学差异。对照组采用LBL+ 床旁带教的教学方法，试验组采用自主学习结合情景模拟教学方法进行技能培训。两组学生均培训2 个月后进行考核，对考试成绩进行分析比较。考核结束后进行问卷调查，对培训满意度进行调研。结果 试验组的技能考核成绩明显高于对照组，具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；试验组的理论成绩高于对照组，但不具有统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）；试验组对培训的满意度（90%）明显高于对照组（77.8%），具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论 采用自主学习结合情景模拟教学方法对医学生进行培训能明显提高临床技能培训效果，提高医学生培训满意度，是一种较好的实践技能教学方法。     

自血穴位注射疗法联合马来酸茚达特罗治疗老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床分析

目的探讨自血穴位注射疗法联合马来酸茚达特罗治疗老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效及其对患者炎性因子、免疫功能及肺功能的影响。 方法将2015年5月至2016年5月我院收治的86例老年缓解期COPD患者分为观察组与对照组。对照组给予马来酸茚达特罗治疗，观察组在对照组治疗基础上另给予自血穴位注射疗法。治疗12周后，评价2组临床疗效。治疗前及治疗12周后，分别检测2组患者肺功能指标(FEV₁、FVC与PEF)，炎性因子(IL-8、α1-AT、IL-6及TNF-α)，免疫功能指标(IgG、IgA、CD3^＋及CD4^＋)水平。治疗期间，对2组患者的不良反应进行密切观察。 结果治疗后二组患者各项检测指标均优于治疗前。治疗12周后，观察组总有效率为90.7%，明显高于对照组的72.1%(P<0.05)。治疗12周后，观察组FEV₁、FVC与PEF等肺功能指标，IgG、IgA、CD3^＋及CD4^＋等免疫功能指标水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)，而IL-8、α1-AT、IL-6及TNF-α含量分别为(23.23±3.87)ng/L、(3.43±0.41)g/L、(52.25±5.38)ng/L及(43.12±3.98)ng/L，改善程度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间，2组患者均未出现严重不良反应。 结论自血穴位注射疗法联合马来酸茚达特罗治疗老年稳定期COPD疗效确切，可有效改善患者炎症水平，值得进行深入研究。     

黑素细胞及相关细胞群参与白癜风发病的研究进展

【摘要】 白癜风发病机制复杂，黑素细胞缺失是核心。目前认为除黑素细胞自身缺陷外，表皮和真皮细胞群的功能异常及其与黑素细胞的交互作用对白癜风的发病同样重要，充分而准确地了解不同病期白癜风皮肤全层细胞、组织的病理生理状态，对认识和治疗白癜风有重要作用。本文旨在综述黑素细胞及相关细胞群在白癜风发病中作用的研究进展。     

反射性共聚焦显微镜对早期蕈样肉芽肿定位诊断与疗效监测的研究

【摘要】 目的 分析早期蕈样肉芽肿（MF）皮损的反射性共聚焦显微镜（RCM）与组织病理学特征的一致性，探讨RCM作为病理学诊断早期MF的辅助价值及动态监测治疗反应的可行性。方法 2014年1月至2018年1月在杭州市第三人民医院皮肤科门诊收集临床疑诊MF病例40例，男26例，女14例，年龄（47.0 ± 17.6）岁。根据总结的早期MF的RCM特征，对活检部位进行初步定位后行组织病理学检查，对比MF的RCM与病理特征。对MF确诊病例进行窄谱中波紫外线联合干扰素治疗，运用RCM对靶向皮损跟踪随访，9个月后评价疗效。结果 在40例临床疑诊MF病例中，根据RCM特征初步诊断典型MF 8例，疑似MF18例，排除14例；根据MF病理学特征诊断典型MF12例，疑似14例，排除14例。一致性分析显示，RCM特征分类与病理诊断结果的Kappa系数为0.848，P < 0.01。RCM与组织病理学特征之间表皮低折光细胞浸润的相关性最高（Kappa系数 = 1，P = 0.005），其次是红斑期的真皮纤维化（Kappa系数 = 0.714，P = 0.035）。MF的RCM特征随着治疗的进行逐步恢复正常，但直至临床皮损完全缓解，非典型淋巴细胞依然存在。结论 RCM技术可用于早期疑诊MF皮损的病理取材定位，同时可尝试作为一种动态监测MF疗效的方法。     

Medical Histories of Control Subjects Influence the Biomarker Potential of Plasma Aβ in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Meta-analysis

Whether blood amyloid-β (Aβ) could be a peripheral biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains in dispute. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis with 19 citations searched from Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library database. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to estimate the effect size. We firstly analyzed the plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in AD and control group subjects. However, only a lower level of plasma Aβ42 was figured out in AD group subjects with weak statistical significance (WMD 1.82; 95% CI 0.59, 3.06; P = 0.004; I2 = 84%). We considered that the medical histories of control subjects could influence the biomarker ability of plasma Aβ. Therefore, subgroup analyses were then carried out based on a new recruiting criterion for control subjects, defining as no afflictions of any Aβ-related diseases. Surprisingly, AD group subjects showed a significant decrease in plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio with low heterogeneity among studies (WMD 0.02; 95% CI 0.02, 0.02; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Moreover, not only the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio but also Aβ42 and Aβ40 were indifferent between AD and pseudo-control subjects which might be afflicted with Aβ-related diseases. This meta-analysis demonstrated that medical histories of control subjects were interference factors impeding plasma Aβ to be a biomarker of AD.     

Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway

Inappropriate use of acetaminophen (APAP) can lead to morbidity and mortality secondary to hepatic necrosis. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major active ingredient in processed Panax ginseng, which is proved to elicit biological effects. We hypothesized the beneficial effect of Rg1 on APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity was through Nrf2/ARE pathway. The study was conducted in cells and mice, comparing the actions of Rg1. Rg1 significantly improved cell survival rates and promoted the expression of antioxidant proteins. Meanwhile, Rg1 reduced the excessive ROS and the occurrence of cell apoptosis, which were related to Nrf2/ARE pathway. Expression of Nrf2 has a certain cell specificity.