经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的效果分析

目的探讨研究一次性湿热交换器在新生儿机械通气长途转运中应用的临床意义。方法 2017年1月-2017年12月,我院120转运中心长途转运接收786例机械通气新生儿,786例患儿随机分为常规气道护理(对照组)和转运途中应用一次性湿热交换器组(治疗组),对比转运过程中的吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率。结果研究数据显示治疗组吸痰次数、肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05)明显低于对照组。结论在机械通气新生儿长途转运中,一次性湿热交换器的可减少转运患儿吸痰次数发生率、降低肉眼可见痰痂形成率、堵管发生率、脱管发生率、人机对抗发生率具有明显优越性,值得推广。     

血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平与宫颈癌临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:探讨血清鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC-Ag）、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原(CYFRA21-1)及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平与宫颈癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选取2010年1月至2012年12月海南西部中心医院收治的146例宫颈癌患者、50例宫颈上皮内瘤病变（CIN）患者(CIN组)和50例正常健康女性(对照组)，比较各组血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平。分析宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平与临床病理特征的关系，采用Kaplan-Meier法分析不同临床病理特征患者生存率差异，多因素COX比例风险回归模型分析宫颈癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:宫颈癌组血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平均明显高于CIN组和对照组［SCCA（ng/ml）:9.04±2.35 vs 1.91±0.62和0.65±0.14；CYFRA21-1（ng/ml）:5.48±1.62 vs 0.92±0.43和0.64±0.25；VEGF（pg/ml）:326.42±48.15 vs 125.48±23.60和108.62±18.73，均P＜0.01］。血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平与宫颈癌患者的临床分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移、浸润深度及脉管浸润相关（P＜0.05）。单因素及多因素COX回归分析显示，临床分期［HR（95%CI）:2.016（1.512～2.915）］、淋巴结转移［HR（95%CI）:4.013（2.937～6.016）］、SCC-Ag［HR（95%CI）:2.972（2.106～4.618）］、CYFRA21-1［HR（95%CI）:1.704（1.335～2.519）］及VEGF［HR（95%CI）:2.116（1.685～3.164）］阳性表达是宫颈癌患者预后不良的危险因素。结论:宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF水平明显升高，SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1及VEGF阳性表达是影响宫颈癌患者预后不良的危险因素。     

芪蛭活血通络饮联合西医常规疗法治疗老年急性脑梗死临床研究

目的探讨芪蛭活血通络饮治疗老年急性脑梗死气虚血瘀证患者临床疗效,观察其对患者炎性指标、纤维化指标、神经功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将94例患者分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予芪蛭活血通络饮,每日1剂,每次150 mL,每日2次,口服(吞咽困难者胃管给药),2组均连续治疗2周。观察2组治疗前后血液流变学指标、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CPR)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平,及神经功能(NIHSS)评分、日常生活能力(ADL)评分,比较2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、纤维蛋白原、hs-CPR、Hcy水平明显下降,TGF-β1、VEGF水平明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组上述实验室指标改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后NIHSS评分明显降低,ADL评分明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为93.62%(44/47),对照组为74.47%(35/47),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应率为14.89%(7/47),对照组为19.15%(9/47),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论芪蛭活血通络饮联合西医常规疗法治疗老年急性脑梗死气虚血瘀证疗效满意,可有效减轻患者炎症反应,改善机体高凝状态,促进神经功能修复。     

电针“足三里”穴对脾气虚大鼠小肠黏膜转运体SGLT1及GLUT2表达的影响

目的:观察电针双侧"足三里"穴对脾气虚模型大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的钠依赖葡萄糖转运体(SGLT1),葡萄糖运载蛋白2(GLUT2)的基因及蛋白表达的影响。方法:将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、脾气虚组、足三里组、非经非穴组,每组10只。所有大鼠均在SPF级动物实验中心饲养。除正常组外,其余3组均采用劳倦过度和不规则饮食复合法建立脾气虚证的大鼠模型。造模成功之后,对足三里组、非经非穴组大鼠分别进行电针"足三里"穴、非经非穴点干预处理7天。采用HE染色方法观察各组大鼠小肠黏膜组织形态变化;采用荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠小肠黏膜上皮的SGLT1和GLUT2的mRNA表达水平;采用蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2的蛋白含量变化。结果:脾气虚组大鼠小肠黏膜组织部分损伤,足三里组的小肠黏膜组织有一定程度的恢复;脾气虚组和非经非穴组大鼠小肠黏膜组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2蛋白和基因表达水平均明显低于正常组(P 0. 05);足三里组大鼠小肠黏膜组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2蛋白和基因表达水平相比于脾气虚组有所升高(P 0. 05),非经非穴组未见显著性差异(P 0. 05)。结论:电针"足三里"穴可以调节脾气虚大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2基因及蛋白的异常表达,参与小肠对葡萄糖的吸收作用进而改善脾气虚证。