限制性液体复苏对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of limited resuscitation on hepatic ischernia-reperfusion in-jury in rots with hemorrhagic shock. Method Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was induced in 54 rats by transect-ing the middle branch of the splenic artery to produce standardized massive splenic injury. Resuscitation started when the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 40 mmHg. The rats were randomly divided (n = 9per group) in-to sham-operated group (SS), or one of five treatment groups in which infusion of Ringer' s solution was continually administrated to maintain MAP at 40 (RS40), 50 (RS50), 60 (RS60), 80 (RS80) or 100 mmHg (RS100) for 45 minutes (T45 point). After the bleeding was controlled, resuscitation was continued with Ringer's solution and whole blood (2:1) to increase the MAP to 100 mmHg for 120 minutes (T165 point), which was followed by obser-vation for 240 minutes (T405 point). All animals were observed for 240 minutes or until death. Blood specimens were collected at TO, T45, T165 and T405 for determination of blood lactate levels. At the end of the experiment,a small amount of hepatic tissue was collected to measure tissue blood perfusion, total antioxidative capacity (TAOC), Na+K+ ATPase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results At T405, the blood lactate lev-els in the RS80 and RS100 groups [(3.60±0.68) and (3.84 ± 1.09) mmol/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups [(2.00±0.66),(2.74±1.45),(2.43 +0.94) and (2.07±0.95) mmol/L, respectively;all:P < 0.05]. The MDA levels were significantly higher in the RS80 and RS100[(7.32±0.31) and (7.71±0.23) nmol/mg,respectively] than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups[(4.95±0.80),(6.14±0.94),(6.42±0.48) and (6.84±0.36) nmol/mg, respeetively;all: P <0.05]. The Na+ K+ ATPase and TAOC levels were significantly lower in all of the RS groups than those in the SS group (all: P < 0.05), and those in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than those in the RS40,RS50 and RS60 groups (all: P <0.05). Blood perfusion in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than that in the other groups (all: P < 0.05). Conclusions If hemorrhage is uncontrolled, limited resuscitation appears to balance the needs for organ perfusion, improve the microcircttlation and decrease lactate levels. Fur-thermore, limited resuscitation could decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver tissue.     

限制性液体复苏对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of limited resuscitation on hepatic ischernia-reperfusion in-jury in rots with hemorrhagic shock. Method Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was induced in 54 rats by transect-ing the middle branch of the splenic artery to produce standardized massive splenic injury. Resuscitation started when the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 40 mmHg. The rats were randomly divided (n = 9per group) in-to sham-operated group (SS), or one of five treatment groups in which infusion of Ringer' s solution was continually administrated to maintain MAP at 40 (RS40), 50 (RS50), 60 (RS60), 80 (RS80) or 100 mmHg (RS100) for 45 minutes (T45 point). After the bleeding was controlled, resuscitation was continued with Ringer's solution and whole blood (2:1) to increase the MAP to 100 mmHg for 120 minutes (T165 point), which was followed by obser-vation for 240 minutes (T405 point). All animals were observed for 240 minutes or until death. Blood specimens were collected at TO, T45, T165 and T405 for determination of blood lactate levels. At the end of the experiment,a small amount of hepatic tissue was collected to measure tissue blood perfusion, total antioxidative capacity (TAOC), Na+K+ ATPase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results At T405, the blood lactate lev-els in the RS80 and RS100 groups [(3.60±0.68) and (3.84 ± 1.09) mmol/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups [(2.00±0.66),(2.74±1.45),(2.43 +0.94) and (2.07±0.95) mmol/L, respectively;all:P < 0.05]. The MDA levels were significantly higher in the RS80 and RS100[(7.32±0.31) and (7.71±0.23) nmol/mg,respectively] than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups[(4.95±0.80),(6.14±0.94),(6.42±0.48) and (6.84±0.36) nmol/mg, respeetively;all: P <0.05]. The Na+ K+ ATPase and TAOC levels were significantly lower in all of the RS groups than those in the SS group (all: P < 0.05), and those in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than those in the RS40,RS50 and RS60 groups (all: P <0.05). Blood perfusion in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than that in the other groups (all: P < 0.05). Conclusions If hemorrhage is uncontrolled, limited resuscitation appears to balance the needs for organ perfusion, improve the microcircttlation and decrease lactate levels. Fur-thermore, limited resuscitation could decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver tissue.     

大量输血后纤维蛋白原及血小板的临床分析

目的研究大量输血后纤维蛋白原及血小板的变化趋势。方法 35例大量输血患者在输血前、输血后12 h、输血后48 h、输血后96 h各采血1次,检测血小板（PLT）及纤维蛋白原（FIB）的变化。结果输血后12 h PLT及FIB明显降低,与输血前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;输血后48 h PLT有所回升,但与输血前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,FIB则回升至输血前水平,与输血前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;输血后96 h PLT持续回升,与输血后48 h比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;FIB输血后96 h与输血后48 h比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论应关注大量输血患者PLT及FIB的变化,避免由于大量输血引起凝血功能障碍的发生。     

胸部撞击伤时游离Ca2+浓度与中性粒细胞凋亡及肺损伤的关系

目的 :动态观察兔胸部撞击伤时中性粒细胞 (PMN)凋亡的发生以及与肺损伤之间的关系。方法 :制备兔胸部撞击伤模型 ,分离纯化肺灌洗液中的 PMN,应用流式细胞术测定 PMN凋亡、坏死、存活细胞比例及呼吸爆发功能的变化 ,并且观察与乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH)和胞浆游离 Ca2 变化之间的关系。结果 :肺灌洗液中PMN的凋亡延迟持续至 12小时 ,在伤后各时间点活细胞增多 ;而肺灌洗液 PMN呼吸爆发从伤后 2小时即显著增强 ,8小时达到峰值 ;同时肺灌洗液 L DH的升高在伤后 4～ 2 4小时显著高于正常对照组 ;伤后 PMN胞浆游离 Ca2 有短暂升高。结论 :胸部撞击伤时 ,PMN在肺组织中大量扣押 ,且正常的凋亡途径发生障碍 ,造成PMN持续处于激活状态及毒性内容物的持续释放 ,与肺组织损伤有密切关系 ,并且 PMN凋亡延迟可能与胞浆游离 Ca2 的短暂升高有关     

对专科生《方剂学》教学的思考

目的 不断改进《方剂学》教学方法，提高教学质量，达到预期教学效果。方法 巩固专业思想，突出配伍特点及组方方法，明确用方指征，注重活跃课堂气氛。结果 掌握方剂组方原则及应用规律。结论 注重教学方法和教学手段，有助于专科生更好地掌握方剂的基本理论和组方能力，为临床实践打下坚实的基础。     

大学生睡眠质量与人格类型和情绪障碍的关系

睡眠障碍在大学生中较为多见,它严重影响学生的学习、生活和身心健康。本文测评分析621名大学生的睡眠质量、人格类型和情绪障碍,探讨三者间的关系,为提高睡眠质量提供参考。1　资料11　对象:以上海电力学院1～4年级的学生为研究对象,分层抽取650名学生进行调查,资料记录完整纳入统计分析者621名,占实查人数的95.54%,621名学生中男生489名,女生132名,年龄分布为16～24岁,平均年龄为(20.23±1.72)岁。12　方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(ＰＳＱＩ)作为评价睡眠质量的工具[1],ＰＳＱＩ由23个项目构成,可划分为主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间…     

从汶川大地震看大批伤员救治的组织

此次汶川大地震大批伤员救治中存在一些值得注意的问题,如早期现场救治力量不足,检伤分类和医疗后送滞后等.因此,应加强伤员救治的组织,采取分级救治的原则,合理配置和使用救治力量,最大限度地发挥各级救治力量的作用.     

养护气血的诀窍

中医认为，能使人体器官正常发挥机能的原动力就是“气”。那么，“正常发挥机能”指的是什么呢？简单说就是在相当长一段时间内，人体各个器官工作正常，没有不舒服的感觉。那么怎样才能达到这种境界呢？这就需要达到常人所说的“气血畅达”。     

内毒素血症时内皮素及受体致肝损伤的分子机理研究

目的探讨内毒素血症时大鼠肝组织内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)和内皮素受体(endothelinreceptor,ETR)活性变化、mRNA表达以及与肝损伤的关系.方法选用Wistar大鼠90只,分为对照组、内毒素组(10mg/kg)和内皮素抗体组(内毒素10mg/kg+1∶2000ET-1抗体2mL/kg).采用内毒素血症动物模型、肝脏原位灌注模型,斑点杂交和原位杂交技术,细胞培养技术.观察了3、6、12和24h四个时相点肝组织ET-1、ETR活性变化、mRNA表达,肝组织中MDA、ATP、GPT的变化.结果(1)ET-1的变化肝组织中内皮素的含量增加6倍;肝组织中内皮素mRNA相对含量增加7.3倍;肝组织中肝小叶中央静脉内皮细胞、肝血窦内皮细胞内反应颗粒密集堆积内毒素能使培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞分泌内皮素的量增加12.3倍.(2)ETR的变化肝组织ETR的解离常数(KD)无明显变化,最大结合数(Bmax)伤后3h显著降低,持续24h;肝组织内皮素A型受体(endothelin receptorA)mRNA相对含量均高于对照组;原位杂交结果显示肝血窦周围、肝小叶间动脉壁的平滑肌细胞呈阳性反应,颗粒堆积.(3)内皮素在内毒素致肝损伤中的作用原位灌注肝脏内皮素不仅使门静脉压升高,而且导致肝细胞浊肿在体实验肝组织中内皮素含量与MDA呈正比,与ATP成反比.在体实验和原位灌注肝脏结果表明内皮素抗体可部分拮抗内毒素所致的肝损伤作用.结论内毒素血症时,内毒素能使ET-1含量增加,ETR的最大结合数降低.内毒素可能是在转录和翻译水平调节ET-1和ETAR的合成.内皮素及受体参与内毒素所致的肝损伤.