氟比洛芬脂联合曲马多用于食道癌根治术术后镇痛的研究

目前文献报道多种镇痛方法均可用于胸科手术，但各种方法均有其优缺点，如曲马多作为中枢性镇痛药物已在病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）中广泛运用，但存在盗汗、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐等副作用。氟比洛芬脂是氟比洛芬的脂微球制剂，其代谢活性产物具有强效消炎镇痛作用，且没有依赖性，近来在国内上市。但因其是非甾体类消炎镇痛药（NSAIDs），剂量偏大时，可能会产生胃肠道等副作用。Kehlet等主张联合用药，以提高镇痛效果，减少药物不良反应。本研究旨在对比观察氟比洛芬脂与曲马多联合应用在食道癌根治术患者术后自控镇痛的可行性及安全性。     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

健康教育对社区居民高血压病的作用

目的探讨健康教育对高血压的作用。方法对35岁以上1000名社区居民确诊的高血压患者214例,随机分成2组,一组是在常规治疗的基础上实施健康教育,一组是常规的药物治疗。结果实施健康教育的高血压患者的不良生活方式改变,血压控制率明显高于对照组。结论健康教育对控制高血压有效。     

氯诺昔康超前镇痛对胃癌根治术患者血清IL-2、IL-10、sIL-2R的影响

目的观察氯诺昔康超前镇痛对胃癌根治术患者血清IL-2、IL-10、sIL-2R的影响,并探讨其临床意义。方法将45例择期行胃癌根治术患者随机分为3组,Ⅰ组术后以曲马多行自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）;Ⅱ组以氯诺昔康行PCIA;Ⅲ组在麻醉前和关腹时静推氯诺昔康8 mg,术后以曲马多行PCIA。分别于PCIA后8、12、24、48、72 h采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）判定镇痛效果,分别于麻醉前（T1）、切皮后90 min（T2）及术后24（T3）、48（T4）、72 h（T5）测定血清IL-2、IL-10、sIL-2R。结果三组PCIA后各时点VAS比较,P均〉0.05。三组血清IL-2从T2起均较T1显著下降（P均〈0.05）;血清IL-10从T3起均较T1显著升高（P均〈0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组T5时仍显著高于T1水平（P均〈0.05）,Ⅱ组则恢复至T1水平（P〉0.05）,与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组值相比较P均〈0.05;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清sIL-2R从T3起均较T1明显升高（P均〈0.05）,Ⅲ组此时与T1相比,P〉0.05,但明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P均〈0.05）,T5时与T1相比,P〈0.05。结论氯诺昔康超前镇痛能降低胃癌根治术后患者血清IL-2、IL-10、sIL-2R水平,从而减少手术对机体免疫的影响,且不影响镇痛效果。     

雷米芬太尼静脉注射引起高血压反应一例

雷米芬太尼起效快、代谢迅速、可控性强,是一种超短效镇痛药,特别适用于需强烈镇痛而时间较短的手术.许多研究均表明雷米芬太尼可抑制交感神经,兴奋副交感神经,引起BP下降和HR减慢.而关于雷米芬太尼引起高血压反应的病例则未见报道.为观察雷米芬太尼2 μg/kg在5 s静脉注射后,3 min内咳嗽的发生率和严重程度以及BP、HR和SpO2变化,我们做了一个病例数为30例的预试验.在30例中有1例患者出现了明显的高血压反应,现报道如下.     

咪唑安定和芬太尼对依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的影响

目的研究咪唑安定和芬太尼对依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的影响。方法全麻下行择期手术患者128例,根据麻醉诱导用药顺序和剂量的不同随机分为五组:Ⅰ组,咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,22例;Ⅱ组,芬太尼3μg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、咪唑安定0.05mg/kg,24例;Ⅲ组,咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg,32例;Ⅳ组,咪唑安定0.08mg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,23例;Ⅴ组(对照组),依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,27例。在静注依托咪酯后,观察并记录2min内肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级。结果五组肌阵挛阳性率分别为68.18%、41.67%、21.88%、21.74%、59.26%。与Ⅴ组比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级明显较低(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级差异则无统计学意义。结论依次采用咪唑安定、芬太尼、依托咪酯诱导可减低依托咪酯引起的肌阵挛发生。     

围手术期异体输血对胃癌病人T细胞亚群的影响

目的 :研究围手术期异体输血对胃癌病人外周血T细胞亚群水平的影响 ,为临床合理输血提供理论依据。方法 :胃癌根治手术患者 3 0例 ,随机分为A、B、C 3组 ,每组各 10例 :A组围术期不输血 ,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血 ,C组围术期输异体全血。另选 10例健康人作为对照。分别于手术前、术后 2d、术后 5d、术后 10d外周静脉采血 ,用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群的表达。结果 :3组胃癌病人术前T细胞亚群的水平要低于正常人水平。手术可以造成T细胞水平下降 ,术后 10d恢复正常。B、C组术后第 2天CD3、CD4表达开始减少 ,以CD4减少为主 ,CD4+ CD8+ 之值下降 ,与术前比较有显著差异 ,至术后10d仍未恢复正常。组间比较B组术后 2、5、10d与A组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,C组与A、B组比较术后 2、5、10dCD3 + 、CD4+ 表达下降 ,CD4+ CD8+ 之值下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制 ,输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显 ;围手术期成分输血优于输注全血 ;T细胞亚群在输血后的免疫调节中起重要作用。     

中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎

我院于 1997年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 10月采用中药加硝苯地平(硝苯啶 )联合治疗急性胰腺炎 ( AP) ,取得了良好的效果 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 4 0例中 ,男 10例 ,女 30例。 2 0～ 30岁 7例,31～ 4 0岁 2 3例 ,4 1～ 5 0岁 6例 ,5 1岁以上 4例。 34例有不同程度的发热 ,体温 37.5～ 4 0°C。4 0例都有上腹持续性疼痛 ,阵发性加剧。 36例伴有恶心、呕吐。 5例出现黄疸。全部病例均有上腹部压痛 ,血、尿淀粉酶增高 ,白细胞计数及中性粒细胞增高 ,不同程度的血钙降低 ,血糖升高2　治疗方法2 .1　中医治疗　治法 :利胆清胰 ,清热…     

胃癌根治术病人围术期异体输血后外周血单核细胞CD40L表达的变化

目的 研究胃癌根治术病人围手术期异体输血外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)白细胞分化抗原40配体(CD40L)表达的变化。方法 胃癌根治术病人30例,随机分为3组,每组10例。A组围术期不输血,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血,C组围术期输入异体全血。另选10例健康人作为对照。分别在手术前、术后2、5、10 d采外周静脉血5 ml,用Ficoll分离液梯度离心法分离出PBMCs和血浆,将PBMCs置于自身血浆环境中,并在植物血凝素(PHA,20 mg/L)的刺激下进行培养,48 h后收获细胞,用流式细胞术检测CD40L表达。结果 健康人外周血未受PHA刺激时检测不到CD40L的表达,经PHA刺激后CD40L 细胞占CD4 T细胞的百分数为1.7％±0.4％,与三组胃癌病人术前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与术前比较,B组术后2 d PBMCs CD40L表达升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组术后2 d升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05)。结论 围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制,输异体血后CD40L表达增加,且输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显。围手术期成分输血优于输注全血。