无创监测在预防小腿骨筋膜室综合征中的应用研究

目的 探索OCS切开减张的最佳时机,为及时切开减张提供切实可靠的依据.方法 将2011年3月至2013年5月骨科160例小腿骨折患者随机分成实验组与对照组各80例,实验组从患者入院就采用每小时患肢趾端SpO2的监测,患肢、健肢小腿围的测量,疼痛评估;对照组采用传统观察法进行观察.在出院时对2组患者OCS发生率进行比较,在3个月后对2组患者肢体恢复情况进行评价.然后对实验组发生OCS的患者的监测数据进行分析.结果 实验组与对照组OCS的发生率分别为15％和31％,实验组OCS患者术前1h与术后2 h SpO2水平比较,差异有统计学意义;SpO2与肿胀程度呈负相关,相关程度有统计学意义,SpO2与疼痛程度无显著相关性;以SpOz为因变量,肿胀程度、疼痛程度为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,肿胀程度进入回归方程.结论 用无创监测的数值变化分析出最佳切开减张的时机,可降低OCS的发生率,减轻患者的痛苦.     

2型糖尿病家系发病特征与危险因素初步调查

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset in pedigrees. Methods A total of 865 subjects were screened and diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) , maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and chondriosome diabetes were excluded by clinical features and laboratory test of insulin and autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insular cellular antibody and insulin autoantibody. A total of 182 pedigrees of T2DM were obtained. Results No gender difference was found in the prevalence of T2DM (42. 59% in male and 48. 18% in female respectively, P ＞0. 05) , nor was the newly diagnosed rate(9. 89% in male and 11. 82%in female, P ＞ 0. 05). The onset age was (63. 3 ± 12. 4) years old in the first generation [(64. 4 ± 12. 5)years in male and (62. 3 ± 10. 3) years in female] , (47. 1 ± 8. 7) years old in the second generation [(48. 2 ±9. 3)years in male and (46. 1 ± 8. 1) years in female] , (29. 6 ± 10. 2) years old in the third generation [(28. 9 ±9. 5)years in male and (30. 0 ± 10. 4)years in female]. Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects , newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) subjects had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking but less physical activities. Statistical differences were shown in body weight five years before diagnosis, one years before diagnosis and at diagnosis in newly diagnosed T2DM[(68. 4 ±12. 4)kg, (69. 5 ± 11. 0)kg and (69. 1 ±9. 6)kg] and IGR[(66. 1 ±10.7)kg, (65.9 ± 10.7) kg and(65.7 ± 10.4) kg] , when compared with NGT [(61.0 ± 10.2) kg,(59. 5 ±11.0) kg and (60. 1 ± 10. 4) kg, all P ＜ 0. 05] . The same results were obtained with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio [(4. 1 ± 12. 5) cm and 0. 92 ± 0. 36 in newly diagnosed T2DM while (89. 1 ± 10. 7) cm and 0. 90 ± 0. 64 in IGR] , when compared with NGT[(82. 5 ± 10. 1) cm and 0. 82 ±0. 25] , all P ＜0. 05. Conclusions No gender difference was found in the onset characteristics of T2DM.High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking with less physical activities were associated with T2DM.     

2型糖尿病家系中患者与一级亲属血脂异常紊乱的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）家系人群中患者与一级亲属血脂紊乱异常类型、聚集程度的差异及血脂紊乱的影响因素。方法 对351例T2DM患者和300例非糖尿病一级亲属按血脂指标异常的项目数分为5组，并将血脂紊乱分为8种类型。比较家系两组人群异常血脂指标聚集性和血脂紊乱类型。在糖尿病患者中以血脂正常者为对照组，用Logistic回归分析年龄、体脂等和血脂的关系。结果 家系两组人群中的血脂紊乱类型的差异无统计学意义（x^2=4．294，P=0．7451），但患者组血脂紊乱的比例高于未患糖尿病亲属组（72．6％vs．57．7％，x^2=16．123，P=0．0000）。多因素分析发现年龄与TG的升高和HDL的降低有关，腰臀比的增大与TG有关[Exp（B）=1．799，P=0．012]。结论 糖尿病患者中存在异常血脂指标的聚集，但患者与其亲属的血脂紊乱类型相似。糖尿病患者腹部体脂的增加与总胆固醇水平有关。     

2型糖尿病患者骨密度的相关因素

目的分析2型糖尿病患者骨密度(BMD)与体重、病程、胰岛功能等因素的相关性。方法双能X线骨密度测定仪测定54例2型糖尿病患者(DM)组,其中28例为骨质疏松患者(DM-OP)组,26例为非骨质疏松患者(DM-NOP)组,以及50例正常对照组(NC)正位腰椎(L1～L4)及左侧股骨BMD,并记录性别、年龄、病程、身高、体重、体重指数(体重/身高2)、空腹、餐后2h血糖及胰岛素(Ins)、C肽(CP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等临床指标进行比较。结果 DM-OP组患者空腹血清C肽低于DM-NOP组;2型糖尿病患者腰椎BMD与血清C肽水平和体重呈正相关(r=0.318,P=0.040和r=0.457,P=0.002),与糖尿病病程呈负相关(r=-0.312,P=0.044)。DM-OP组BMD较健康者明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者骨密度降低与年龄、性别、体重减轻、病程延长、胰岛功能下降等因素有关。     

2型糖尿病家系发病特征与危险因素初步调查

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset in pedigrees. Methods A total of 865 subjects were screened and diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) , maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and chondriosome diabetes were excluded by clinical features and laboratory test of insulin and autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insular cellular antibody and insulin autoantibody. A total of 182 pedigrees of T2DM were obtained. Results No gender difference was found in the prevalence of T2DM (42. 59% in male and 48. 18% in female respectively, P ＞0. 05) , nor was the newly diagnosed rate(9. 89% in male and 11. 82%in female, P ＞ 0. 05). The onset age was (63. 3 ± 12. 4) years old in the first generation [(64. 4 ± 12. 5)years in male and (62. 3 ± 10. 3) years in female] , (47. 1 ± 8. 7) years old in the second generation [(48. 2 ±9. 3)years in male and (46. 1 ± 8. 1) years in female] , (29. 6 ± 10. 2) years old in the third generation [(28. 9 ±9. 5)years in male and (30. 0 ± 10. 4)years in female]. Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects , newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) subjects had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking but less physical activities. Statistical differences were shown in body weight five years before diagnosis, one years before diagnosis and at diagnosis in newly diagnosed T2DM[(68. 4 ±12. 4)kg, (69. 5 ± 11. 0)kg and (69. 1 ±9. 6)kg] and IGR[(66. 1 ±10.7)kg, (65.9 ± 10.7) kg and(65.7 ± 10.4) kg] , when compared with NGT [(61.0 ± 10.2) kg,(59. 5 ±11.0) kg and (60. 1 ± 10. 4) kg, all P ＜ 0. 05] . The same results were obtained with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio [(4. 1 ± 12. 5) cm and 0. 92 ± 0. 36 in newly diagnosed T2DM while (89. 1 ± 10. 7) cm and 0. 90 ± 0. 64 in IGR] , when compared with NGT[(82. 5 ± 10. 1) cm and 0. 82 ±0. 25] , all P ＜0. 05. Conclusions No gender difference was found in the onset characteristics of T2DM.High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking with less physical activities were associated with T2DM.     

2型糖尿病尿系列蛋白的检测临床意义

糖尿病肾病（DN）早期常缺乏任何明显的临床表现,诊断比较困难,一旦发生临床DN,则缺乏有效方法制止其发展,早期诊断对DN的防治及预后有重要的意义[1].我科对184例2型糖尿病（2型DM）患者同时进行24 h尿微量白蛋白（AIb）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、微量转铁蛋白（TRF）及TH糖蛋白（THP）四项（简称尿系列蛋白）,血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）的含量的测定.旨在通过四种尿蛋白的测定比较,探讨和寻找DN早期诊断的敏感性指标.现报告如下.     

胃肠道癌患者手术前后血清β2—微球蛋白的随访检测

我们用RIA法测定79例血清β_2-MG 浓度,计正常人13例、胃癌患者38例,结/直肠癌患者9例、非胃肠道癌患者9例、良性胃病患者10例。对其中40例胃肠道癌患者术后进行2～5次随访检测,并结合胃镜、X 线及B 超等检查,观察手术前后患者血清β_2-MG 的变化及与近期疗效的关系。材料与方法血清来源:正常人系无胃肠道疾患、无肿瘤病史者;癌患者系我院内、外科住院病人,均经手术及病理检查确诊,随访时间多在术后1～2年内,少数在2年以上;良性胃病患者均经内窥镜或其它方法确诊,计慢性胃炎3例、     

ACE基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)基因的插入／缺失多态性与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM)患合并肾病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应技术检测109例T2DM患(其中合并肾病患37例，未发生肾病患72例)和260例健康对照组ACE基因插入／缺失多态性。结果糖尿病肾病患的DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率有高于无肾病糖尿病患组的趋势，其频率差异接近显性水准(75．7％vs55．6％，P=0．070；87．8％vs77．1％，P=0．057)。DD基因型糖尿病患合并肾病的频率高于其他基因型，差异有统计学意义(41．2％vs22．0％，P=0．040)。对糖尿病病程与ACE基因多态性的交互作用分析发现，DD基因型与5年以上病程存在交互作用(OR=3．75，95％CI；1．019～13．795)。结论ACE基因的DD基因型可增高T2DM患并发肾病的危险性，并且与糖尿病病程有交互作用。     

家族性2型糖尿病家系中正常同胞的血糖血脂代谢

目的：研究家族性2型糖尿病家系一级亲属正常同胞的血糖血脂代谢变化。方法：收集江苏苏南地区2型糖尿病多发家系136个。在排除糖尿病和糖耐量异常的前提下，选择先证者同胞为观察组(n=108)，先证者同胞的配偶为对照组(n=92)，进行血糖血脂代谢分析。结果：与对照组比较，观察组的三酰甘油[(11.624-0.74)mmol／L]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.234-1.39)mmol／L]、空腹血糖[(4.594-0.54)mmol／L]和口服葡萄糖2h血糖[(5.124-1.16)mmol／L]升高，差异有显著性意义(t=2.644～2.971，P均0.05)；而空腹及口服葡萄糖2h胰岛素[(11.7&;#177;4.9)，(37.74-23.7)mu／L]和C肽水平[(1.944-1.35)，(5.234-3.27)ug/L]无明显差异(t=0.261～1.254，P均&;gt;0.05)。结论：家族性2型糖尿病家系一级亲属在糖耐量正常的情况下血糖、血脂已开始变化，提示有胰岛素不敏感。对该糖尿病高危人群应进行监测及教育以利早期防治。