血管周围脂肪组织中脂肪细胞不同亚型的转化与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

<正>动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)所致的心脑血管疾病具有高发病率、高致残率等特点,严重危害人类健康。AS发病机制复杂,迄今尚未阐明。最新的观点表明贴近大动脉、静脉、小血管、阻力血管以及骨骼肌微血管等周围的脂肪组织,即血管周围脂肪组织     

CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法在妇产科实习教学中的应用

目的探讨CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法在妇产科实习教学的应用。方法选取2019年2月-2020年2月在我院妇产科实习的学生52例,随机分成研究组和对照组各26例,对照组采用传统教学法,研究组采用CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法。结果研究组学习方法满意度明显高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组理论成绩、病例分析成绩以及实践操作成绩均高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组团队协作能力、妇产科知识认知能力、分析理解能力、临床思维能力以及理论联系实际能力等评分均高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论在妇产科实习教学期间应用CBL和PBL结合研讨会教学法效果理想,可有效促进医学生综合能力提升。     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肠道防御素5 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁(ulinastatin,LTI)对脓毒症大鼠肠道潘氏细胞防御素5(rat defemin-5,RD-5)mRNA表达的影响.方法 实验在中山大学医学院药理实验室完成.60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、脓毒症组、预处理组及治疗组(n=15).后三组采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(cecal ligation andpuncture,CLP)制作大鼠脓毒症模型.预处理组在CLP前2h经尾静脉注射UTI 25 000 U/kg,治疗组在CLP后2 h经尾静脉注射UTI 50 000 U/kg.于模犁建立后12 h取回肠黏膜,观察其病理改变并以RT-PCR法检测RD-5 mRNA的表达.数据以SPSS 13.0统计软件处理,采用方差分析及LSD-t检验进行数据分析.结果 RD-5 mRNA在脓毒症组显著下降(P<0.05),预处理组及治疗组较脓毒症组有明显升高(P<0.05),预处理组较治疗组明显升高(P<0.05).结论 脓毒症大鼠RD-5mRNA表达明显下降,乌司他丁可显著上调其表达,保护肠黏膜,预防用药较治疗给药可能更有意义.     

地震伤员心肺复苏方法与程序的选择

1 引言 降肺复苏是救治地震中生命垂危的伤员的重要手段.现代心肺复苏包含3个基本程序:①基本生命支持;②高级生命支持;③持续生命支持或复苏后处理.现就近年来心肺复苏的方法与程序选择简介如下,供医护人员、救助者参考.     

妇产科教学中PBL、PLTL和网络化教学模式的有效结合分析

妇产科由于其服务对象的特殊性,使得在妇产科传统教学过程中,对于学生的临床实践和观摩具有一定的局限性,这也一定程度上影响了妇产科的教学效果。PBL、PLTL和网络化教学模式是近年来,随着网络技术的发展应运而生的几种教学模式,将它们应用在妇产科教学中,具有良好的创新性,但同时也有一定的局限性。为了提高妇产科的临床教学效果,在教学实践中考虑将这三种方式融合应用,对提高学生的思维能力,自主学习能力等均具有良好的效果。本文主要探讨了PBL、PLTL和网络化教学联合模式在妇产科教学中的具体应用。     

广州市97 823例院前急救患者流行病学分析

目的 调查广州市院前急救患者流行病学情况,探讨院前急救病例特点.方法 从广州市急救医疗指挥中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部数据进行统计分析.结果 ①在969 410次呼叫量中,日时间分布以16:00-18:00为最高(114 224次、占11.78%),以04:00-06:00为最低(23 237次、占2.40%).②在109 682次出车中,白云区出车量最多(29 364次、占26.77%),其次是海珠区(20 069次、占18.30%)、天河区(19 962次、占18.20%).③在97 823例院前急救患者中,男性的比例与死亡率均明显高于女性[比例:57.65%(56 394)比38.48%(37 641),死亡率:59.17%(3 269)比33.95%(1 876)].④在97 823例院前急救患者中,创伤类是院前急救中最多的,占34.57%(33 820),尤其是交通意外,占11.56%(11 307);且以21～50岁青壮年者最多;其次分别是神经系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统急症,且均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年者最多.⑤在97 823例院前急救患者中,共死亡5 525例,占5.65%.循环系统急症死亡(尤其是猝死)居首位(1 827例、占33.07%),其次分别为其他系统急症死亡(1 646例、占29.79%)、创伤类死亡(866例、占15.67%)、呼吸系统急症死亡(413例、占7.48%)、神经系统急症死亡(329例、占5.95%);其中循环系统、呼吸系统、神经系统急症死亡均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年者最多,其他系统急症死亡以61岁以上的老年者最多,创伤类死亡以21～40岁中青年者最多.结论 ①加强心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平对降低死亡有重要意义.②加强安全生产、遵守交通法规、强化法制意识是降低创伤,尤其是交通意外发生及其死亡的有力手段.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care in Guangzhou city, and to explore the characteristics of the patients. Methods The data in the year of 2008 were retrieved from the computer database of Guangzhou Emergency Medical Rescue Command Center. Results ①In a total of 969 410 calls received, the time of distribution was found to be mainly between 16:00 and 18:00 [11.78% (114 224)], and least frequently between 04:00 and 06:00 [2.40% (23 237)]. ②Among 109 682 dispatches of ambulances, Baiyun district received the most [26.77% (29 364)], and followed by Haizhu district [18.30% (20 069)], Tianhe district [18.20% (19 962)], respectively. ③Among 97 823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, death rate of the male patients was higher than the female [amount: 57.65% (56 394) vs. 38.48% (37 641), mortality: 59.17% (3 269) vs. 33.95% (1 876)]. ④In 9 7823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, trauma constituted the highest rate [34.57% (33 820)], especially traffic accidents [11.56% (11 307)], and the age of most of the patients ranged between 21 and 50. Disease of the nervous system ranged the second, followed by diseases of circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system, and most of them were over 51 years old, and most frequently above 70. ⑤In 97 823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, there were 5 525 deaths (5.65%), in whom the circulatory system diseases ranged first (especially sudden death) [33.07% (1 827)], followed by unclassified diseases [29.79% (1 646)], trauma [15.67% (866)], respiratory diseases [7.48% (413)], and neurological emergency illnesses [5.95% (329)]. The age of deceased was far older than 51, particularly 70. The age of most of the deceased was above 61, and age of traumatic death was 2140. Conclusion ①It is very important to reduce the death rate of the middle-old aged patients by strengthening prevention and timely treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and improve the medical strategies in emergency care, in order to lower the death rate during emergency. ②It is very important to emphasize safely in production lines and to strengthen traffic regulations in order to reduce the incidence of trauma, thus it is especially traffic accident, expect that the death rate of trauma could be lowered.     

冠脉缺血后处理减轻心肌梗死室颤家猪复苏后心肌损伤

目的:探讨冠脉缺血后处理措施对心肌梗死室颤家猪模型复苏后心肌损伤的保护作用。方法:健康雄性家猪通过介入球囊封堵建立猪心肌梗死后室颤进行心肺复苏模型。家猪成功复苏后采用随机抽取法分为2组:缺血再灌注组(ischemic-reperfusion,IR)和缺血后处理组(ischemic post-conditioning,IPOST)。观察和记录两组动物心电、血流动力学数据并评估复苏后心电图及96小时的生存结局。结果:IPOST组复苏后心肌损伤程度较IR组更低(P0.05),动物的生存时间及96h存活率明显优于IR组。结论:冠脉缺血后处理减轻心肌梗死后室颤家猪的心肌损伤及改善其短期复苏预后。     

呼吸状态视频辅助教学提高女性旁观者心跳骤停识别效率

目的:观察采用呼吸视频辅助教学能否提高女性受试者心跳骤停的识别效率。方法:6名医护分别模拟不同呼吸状态且分别制作成10 s视频,招募31名非医学专业女性受试者,通过视频辅导前及辅导后分别测试受试者对不同呼吸状态的判断准确性及处理办法,同时记录耗时及自信度。结果:受试者在辅以视频教学后,对叹气样呼吸的判断准确性明显提高(P0.05),同时耗时缩短(9.58±5.92 s vs.5.97±3.70 s,P=0.001],自信度增强(7.03±1.73 vs.7.91±1.69,P=0.03)。结论:对非医学专业女性受试者,通过呼吸状态视频辅导,可提高对叹气样呼吸的识别效率。     

我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死流行病学调查分析

目的调查我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死患者流行病学情况，探讨院前心脏性猝死病例特点。方法从我国8个大中城市急救中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部死亡数据，就其有完整记录的资料进行统计分析。结果①院前心脏性猝死的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间、返回时间、总时间、急救半径分别为（2．12±1．02）min、（14．10±7．05）min、（24．79±12．08）min、（13．79±6．61）min、（54．80±25．36）min、7．90±3．92（km）；②院前心脏性猝死的病例数以第一季度为最多，且最多时间段是8：00～10：00，最少时间段是2：00～4：00；③男性院前心脏性猝死明显多于女性，但年龄明显小于女性；④院前心脏性猝死目击者CPR为4．48％，医护人员现场CPR成功率2．26％。结论①心脏性猝死已成为我国大中城市最常见的院前死亡原因；②加强心血管病防治，提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平以及普及公众CPR对降低死亡有重要意义。     

我国八个大中城市院前急救流行病学调查分析

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care for our large and medium-sized cities and probe the patients' characteristic. Method The data in 2008 were exported from the computer databases of 8 large and medium-sized cities' emergency medical centers in our country.The thorough records of data were conducted to statistical analysis. Results ( 1 ) The scheduling time, running time, rescue time, returning time, total time and service radius in the pre-hospital medical care group were 2.16± 1.10(min), 14.01 ±6.82(min), 12.12±5.96(min), 14.08± 6.85(min), 42.34± 20.21(min)and 8.50±4.18(km), and the above parameter in the non-death group were 2.19 ± 1.13(min), 14.15 ± 7.14(min),11.60±6.72(min), 14.92 ±6.89(min), 41.86± 19.53(minutes) and 8.63±4.31(Km), and the above parameter in the death group were 2.10± 1.08(min), 13.68 ± 7.14(min), 25.25 ± 12.34(min), 13.75±6.48(min), 54.74 ± 25.47(min) and 7.86± 3.91(Km), and the above parameter in the non-sudden cardiac death group were2.09± 1.03(min), 13.58±6.78(min), 25.53± 12.34(min), 13.60± 6.54(min), 53.79±23.77(min) and 7.67 ± 3.86(Km), and the above parameter in the sudden cardiac death group were 2.12 ±1.02(min), 14.10±7.05(min), 24.79± 12.08(min), 13.79±6.61(min), 54. 80 ± 25. 36( min) and 7.90±3.92(Km) respectively. The scheduling time, running time, returning time and service radius in the death group were less than those of the non-death group, but the rescue time and total time of the former were more than those of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0. 001 ). The scheduling time and returning time didn' t have significant difference between the sudden cardiac death group and the non-sudden cardiac death group respectively ( P ＞ 0.05), but the running time, total time and service radius of the sudden cardiac death group were more than those of the non-sudden cardiac death group, and the rescue time of the former was less than that of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.001 ). (2)The patients' amount in pre-hospital medical care group, the non-death group, the death group, the non-sudden cardiac death group and the sudden cardiac death group were at most in first quarter, and the least time slice of patients' amount were 4:00～ 6:00, 4:00～6:00, 4:00～ 6:00, 22:00～ 24:00, 2:00～4:00 respectively, and the most time slice of patients' amount were 20:00～ 22:00, 20:00～22:00, 8:00～ 10:00, 2:00 ～ 4:00, 8:00 ～ 10:00 respectively. (3)In 241 876 cases of pre-hospital medical care group, the patients' amount of trauma was at most, whose age grades was by far among21 ～50, and the others in sequence were nervous system, circulatory system, other group, digestive system, respiratory system and poisoning group respectively, whose age grades in nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system was by far above 51, especially above 70. The patients' age grades in other group and digestive system had two climax age groups, which the one was 21 ～ 30, and the other was above 70. The patients' age grades in poisoning group was by far among 21 ～ 50, which the patients' amount of acute alcoholism was at the most. (4) In 12 568 cases of death group, the death amount of circulatory system, other group, respiratory system, nervous system and digestive system ranked at the lst,2nd,4th,5th 8th respectively, whose age grades was by far above 51, especially above 70,and the patients' amount of sudden cardiac death was at the most in the death amount of circulatory system. The death amount of trauma and poisoning group ranked at the 3rd, 6th respectively, whose age grades was by far among 21 ～ 50. (5)The total amount, the death amount and the sudden cardiac death amount of male patients were more than those of female patients. (6)The percentage of the death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 5.20%, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 1.29%,and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the death group was 24.87 %, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the circulatory system group was 67.33 %. Conclusions ( 1 )The trauma and the sudden cardiac death are the overriding reason of disease and the overriding reason of death in our large and medium-sized cities respectively. (2) It is very important to cut the death rate of the middle-old age patients by strengthening prevention and cure of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, discerning the critical illness early and improving the level of pre-hospital medical care. (3)It is a strong method to decrease the total amount and the death amount of the trauma, especially in traffic accident, by strengthening safety in production, observing traffic regulation and enhancing the legal awareness.