脂联素通路多态性与汉族人群2型糖尿病遗传易感性的多因素分析

目的:探讨江苏汉族人群脂联素通路基因多态性和环境的联合作用与2型糖尿病的关系.方法:采用病例对照研究,收集新诊断T2DM病例(1 105例)和健康对照(1 107例)的临床和流行病学相关资料.利用Real-time PCR联合Taqman-MGB探针方法对19个多态性位点进行基因分型.结果:显性遗传模型的单因素Logi...     

初发2型糖尿病患者心脏超声特点及左心室心肌质量分析

目的探讨初发2型糖尿病患者心脏超声的特点及左心室心肌质量的相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2014—2016年本院内分泌科住院并初发为2型糖尿病患者128例,以及170例正常人群。初发2型糖尿病患者按是否合并高血压,分成高血压组和非高血压组。比较单纯糖尿病组患者和正常人群的心脏超声各项指标及年龄、糖化血红蛋白、血脂等生化指标。比较糖尿病亚组中高血压组及非高血压组在心脏超声各项指标及相关生化指标间的差异。分析单纯糖尿病组患者左心室心肌质量与年龄、糖化血红蛋白、肌酐、尿酸、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白之间的相关性。结果单纯糖尿病组与正常组在室间隔厚度、射血分数、左室后壁舒张末期厚度、左心室心肌质量、左室舒张末期内径、左房内径、年龄、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白间存在显著差异(P0.05)。糖尿病组中,高血压组和非高血压组患者在室间隔厚度、左房内径、年龄、尿DCA存在显著差异(P0.05)。单纯糖尿病组左心室心肌质量与年龄、糖化血红蛋白、肌酐、尿酸、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白的结果无显著相关性。结论初发2型糖尿病患者在极早期就已经存在心脏结构改变,糖尿病患者存在糖脂代谢紊乱。     

江苏省2型糖尿病患者血糖控制及并发症调查

目的 了解江苏省2型糖尿病患者血糖控制现状.方法 选取江苏省13个城市23家三级医院、18家二级医院、15家社区医院门诊糖尿病患者.调查以问卷形式为主,包括患者一般情况、合并症及并发症患病情况以及糖尿病治疗用药情况,并检测HbA1C.结果 随机入选2 966例患者,年龄(56.4±11.2)岁,病程(6.3±5.7)年,体重指数(24.5±3.3)kg/m2.HbA1C均值7.18%±1.58%,其中40.2%患者HbA1C＜6.5%.三级医院血糖达标率(HbA1C＜6.5%)为42.2%,二级医院36.5%,社区医院36.2%.各级医院2型糖尿病患者的年龄、体重指数及糖尿病病程无统计学差异.与血糖控制不佳者相比,血糖控制达标者具有较好的收入、学历、血糖监测,以及使用两种口服药物或口服药联合胰岛素治疗.结论 江苏省2型糖尿病患者血糖控制现状比3年前全国调查情况有所改善.三级医院中患者血糖达标率好于二级和社区医院.需要加强针对二级和社区医院的新指南推广工作,以利2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的改善.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the status of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients in Jiangsu province. Methods Survey was conducted among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 56 diabetes centers including 23 tertiary hospitals, 18 secondary hospitals and 15 primary hospitals, covering 13 cities in Jiangsu province. Data were obtained by patient interview and by reviewing medical records of the most recent laboratory assessment and clinical examinations. Blood samples were collected during patient′s visits for assessment of HbA1C. Results The mean HbA1Cof 2 966 patients was 7.18%±1.58%. Mean age of patients was(56.4±11.2) years, mean duration of diabetes was(6.3±5.7) years, and mean body mass index was(24.5±3.3) kg/m2. The proportion of good control was 40.2% defined as HbA1C＜6.5%. 42.2% of the patients in the tertiary hospitals, 36.5% of the cases in the secondary hospitals, and 36.2% of cases in the primary hospitals achieved that goal with HbA1C＜6.5%, while age, body mass index, and duration of diabetes revealed no difference among these 3 groups of patients. Conclusions The status of glycemic control in Jiangsu province has been improved as compared with the result from national survey performed 3 years ago. Patients from tertiary hospitals are better controlled than those from secondary and primary hospitals. Structural interventions to improve diabetes care in secondary and primary hospitals are needed.     

2型糖尿病家系发病特征与危险因素初步调查

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset in pedigrees. Methods A total of 865 subjects were screened and diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) , maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and chondriosome diabetes were excluded by clinical features and laboratory test of insulin and autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insular cellular antibody and insulin autoantibody. A total of 182 pedigrees of T2DM were obtained. Results No gender difference was found in the prevalence of T2DM (42. 59% in male and 48. 18% in female respectively, P ＞0. 05) , nor was the newly diagnosed rate(9. 89% in male and 11. 82%in female, P ＞ 0. 05). The onset age was (63. 3 ± 12. 4) years old in the first generation [(64. 4 ± 12. 5)years in male and (62. 3 ± 10. 3) years in female] , (47. 1 ± 8. 7) years old in the second generation [(48. 2 ±9. 3)years in male and (46. 1 ± 8. 1) years in female] , (29. 6 ± 10. 2) years old in the third generation [(28. 9 ±9. 5)years in male and (30. 0 ± 10. 4)years in female]. Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects , newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) subjects had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking but less physical activities. Statistical differences were shown in body weight five years before diagnosis, one years before diagnosis and at diagnosis in newly diagnosed T2DM[(68. 4 ±12. 4)kg, (69. 5 ± 11. 0)kg and (69. 1 ±9. 6)kg] and IGR[(66. 1 ±10.7)kg, (65.9 ± 10.7) kg and(65.7 ± 10.4) kg] , when compared with NGT [(61.0 ± 10.2) kg,(59. 5 ±11.0) kg and (60. 1 ± 10. 4) kg, all P ＜ 0. 05] . The same results were obtained with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio [(4. 1 ± 12. 5) cm and 0. 92 ± 0. 36 in newly diagnosed T2DM while (89. 1 ± 10. 7) cm and 0. 90 ± 0. 64 in IGR] , when compared with NGT[(82. 5 ± 10. 1) cm and 0. 82 ±0. 25] , all P ＜0. 05. Conclusions No gender difference was found in the onset characteristics of T2DM.High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking with less physical activities were associated with T2DM.     

2型糖尿病家系中患者与一级亲属血脂异常紊乱的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）家系人群中患者与一级亲属血脂紊乱异常类型、聚集程度的差异及血脂紊乱的影响因素。方法 对351例T2DM患者和300例非糖尿病一级亲属按血脂指标异常的项目数分为5组，并将血脂紊乱分为8种类型。比较家系两组人群异常血脂指标聚集性和血脂紊乱类型。在糖尿病患者中以血脂正常者为对照组，用Logistic回归分析年龄、体脂等和血脂的关系。结果 家系两组人群中的血脂紊乱类型的差异无统计学意义（x^2=4．294，P=0．7451），但患者组血脂紊乱的比例高于未患糖尿病亲属组（72．6％vs．57．7％，x^2=16．123，P=0．0000）。多因素分析发现年龄与TG的升高和HDL的降低有关，腰臀比的增大与TG有关[Exp（B）=1．799，P=0．012]。结论 糖尿病患者中存在异常血脂指标的聚集，但患者与其亲属的血脂紊乱类型相似。糖尿病患者腹部体脂的增加与总胆固醇水平有关。     

2型糖尿病患者骨密度的相关因素

目的分析2型糖尿病患者骨密度(BMD)与体重、病程、胰岛功能等因素的相关性。方法双能X线骨密度测定仪测定54例2型糖尿病患者(DM)组,其中28例为骨质疏松患者(DM-OP)组,26例为非骨质疏松患者(DM-NOP)组,以及50例正常对照组(NC)正位腰椎(L1～L4)及左侧股骨BMD,并记录性别、年龄、病程、身高、体重、体重指数(体重/身高2)、空腹、餐后2h血糖及胰岛素(Ins)、C肽(CP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等临床指标进行比较。结果 DM-OP组患者空腹血清C肽低于DM-NOP组;2型糖尿病患者腰椎BMD与血清C肽水平和体重呈正相关(r=0.318,P=0.040和r=0.457,P=0.002),与糖尿病病程呈负相关(r=-0.312,P=0.044)。DM-OP组BMD较健康者明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者骨密度降低与年龄、性别、体重减轻、病程延长、胰岛功能下降等因素有关。     

2型糖尿病家系发病特征与危险因素初步调查

Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset in pedigrees. Methods A total of 865 subjects were screened and diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) , maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and chondriosome diabetes were excluded by clinical features and laboratory test of insulin and autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insular cellular antibody and insulin autoantibody. A total of 182 pedigrees of T2DM were obtained. Results No gender difference was found in the prevalence of T2DM (42. 59% in male and 48. 18% in female respectively, P ＞0. 05) , nor was the newly diagnosed rate(9. 89% in male and 11. 82%in female, P ＞ 0. 05). The onset age was (63. 3 ± 12. 4) years old in the first generation [(64. 4 ± 12. 5)years in male and (62. 3 ± 10. 3) years in female] , (47. 1 ± 8. 7) years old in the second generation [(48. 2 ±9. 3)years in male and (46. 1 ± 8. 1) years in female] , (29. 6 ± 10. 2) years old in the third generation [(28. 9 ±9. 5)years in male and (30. 0 ± 10. 4)years in female]. Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects , newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) subjects had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking but less physical activities. Statistical differences were shown in body weight five years before diagnosis, one years before diagnosis and at diagnosis in newly diagnosed T2DM[(68. 4 ±12. 4)kg, (69. 5 ± 11. 0)kg and (69. 1 ±9. 6)kg] and IGR[(66. 1 ±10.7)kg, (65.9 ± 10.7) kg and(65.7 ± 10.4) kg] , when compared with NGT [(61.0 ± 10.2) kg,(59. 5 ±11.0) kg and (60. 1 ± 10. 4) kg, all P ＜ 0. 05] . The same results were obtained with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio [(4. 1 ± 12. 5) cm and 0. 92 ± 0. 36 in newly diagnosed T2DM while (89. 1 ± 10. 7) cm and 0. 90 ± 0. 64 in IGR] , when compared with NGT[(82. 5 ± 10. 1) cm and 0. 82 ±0. 25] , all P ＜0. 05. Conclusions No gender difference was found in the onset characteristics of T2DM.High prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking with less physical activities were associated with T2DM.     

骨髓间质干细胞在糖尿病性骨质疏松发病中的作用

1型或2型糖尿病人患骨质疏松症和发生骨折的风险明显增加,其机制可能是由于骨髓间质干细胞(BMSCs)的耗竭。糖尿病通过高血糖等多种因素影响成骨细胞功能和骨形成,诱导骨髓细胞中脂肪累积,减少可用于骨形成的成骨细胞的数量,其中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ在BMSCs向成骨细胞或脂肪细胞分化上起着关键的闸门作用。由于糖尿病降低骨密度主要通过影响骨形成而非骨吸收,增加成骨细胞产生和禁止BMSCs流向脂肪细胞的途径,在理论上是预防和治疗糖尿病骨质疏松症的最根本方法。     

甲状腺炎的B超声像图特征

本文总结自１９９６年至１９９９年经临床诊断及病理证实的５６例甲状腺炎,经Ｂ超检查并分析其声像图特征,认为Ｂ超诊断甲状腺炎具有可靠的临床价值。１　资料与方法本组５６例甲状腺炎,女５１例,男５例,年龄最小的１６岁,最大的６３岁,其中以２５～５５岁最为常见。仪器应用Ａｌｂｋａ、ＳＳＤ－６２０型、东芝ＳＳＡ－２４０Ａ型超声实时显像仪,探头频率为７－５ＭＨｚ。患者取仰卧位,颈后置枕,使头后仰,充分暴露颈部。探头在甲状腺区横切面作上下、纵切面作左右连续扫查,双侧对比,仔细观察双侧叶、峡部及其周围组织情况,…     

糖尿病患者血浆内皮素测定的临床意义

为了探讨糖尿病与血浆内皮素的关系，1995～1996年我们对住院的99例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素进行了放射免疫测定。现报告如下。材料与对象一、一般资料99例中男41例，女58例。年龄26～78岁，平均53岁。病程2个月～16年，平均64年。糖尿病诊断符合1980年WHO标准。99例按病情分组：无共发症组15例。有并发症84例，其中早期肾病组（尿白蛋白＜300mg／24h）39例，晚期肾病组（尿白蛋白＞30Omg／24h）12例，还有其它并发症未作分析。按病情又分为：0～5年组20例，5～10年组61例。10年以上组18例。正常对照组：40例本市健康体检者。男16例，女2…