16例心肌致密化不全的临床特征

目的 分析16例心肌致密化不全(NVM)患者的临床特征和心脏彩超特点.方法 分析来自4个家系的9例NVM患者以及7例散发性NVM患者的临床表现、心电图、超声心动图等资料.结果 16例NVM患者,男12例,发病年龄17-74岁.7例患者有心悸症状;7例散发性NVM患者和2例家族性NVM患者有不同程度的心力衰竭;6例家族性NVM患者无明显症状.心电图异常者12例:室性期前收缩5例,非持续性室性心动过速3例,持续性房颤2例,阵发性房扑房颤1例,ST段压低伴T波改变9例.所有患者均通过心脏超声检查确诊,患者病变均局限于左心室;其中,累及心尖部14例,左心室扩大10例,左心室射血分数减低8例,左心室内见多发血栓1例.结论 NVM男性患者多见,有家族遗传倾向;其临床表现主要为心力衰竭、心律失常,超声心动图是确诊的主要方法.     

心律转复除颤器植入术后电风暴的发生及其对预后的影响

目的调查单中心心律转复除颤器（ICD）植入术后电风暴（ES）的发生率、发作特征和危险因素，并探讨其对患者预后的影响。方法对本中心123例植入ICD的患者进行随访。Es定义为24h内出现3次或3次以上的快速室性心律失常（VA）导致ICD治疗，或ICD监测到持续30s以上的VA但未发放治疗。结果在（26．9±21．3）个月的随访期间，共有41（33．3％）例患者（ES组）发作139次ES（3．4±3．9）次／例，其中29（70．7％）例患者的首次发作在植入后1年内出现，Es发作呈现出6：00—10：00和14：00～17：00两个高峰。多因素Logistic回归分析表明植入ICD作为心脏性猝死二级预防是ES发生的独立危险因素（OR=4．797，P=0．044）。本组共15（12．2％）例患者死亡，Es组死亡率较无Es组（24．4％对6．1％，P=0．003）显著增高，Kaplan—Meier生存曲线分析显示Es组累计生存概率明显低于无Es组（Log—rank检验P〈0．001）。结论Es发作表现为上午和下午两个高峰，可导致死亡率增高，其首次发作多在ICD植入后1年内。植入ICD作为心脏性猝死二级预防是Es发生的独立危险因素。     

短QT综合征

短QT综合征（short QT syndrome，SQTS）是一种以体表心电图QT间期明显缩短为特点，伴或不伴各种房性、室性心律失常，有高猝死风险的心脏离子通道病，自2000年Gussak等提出短QT综合征的概念以来，对该病的认识不断深入。现就近年短QT综合征的研究进展综述如下。     

左心室瘢痕负荷SPECT相位分析法检测及其对心脏再同步治疗疗效的影响

目的 观察慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗(CRT)后有反应和无反应者之间左心室瘢痕负荷的差异性,评价左心室瘢痕负荷对CRT疗效的影响.方法 对30例2006年至2010年因慢性心力衰竭在南京医科大学第一附属医院接受CRT的患者进行静息核素心肌显像检查,应用相位分析技术检测左心室瘢痕负荷、收缩期相位时间标准差( phase S D)和带宽(BW)并用来评价心脏同步性.以术后6个月超声心动图的检测结果及随访6个月内是否因心力衰竭住院作为分组标准,左心室射血分数(LVEF)提高≥0.05且无因心力衰竭住院的患者入选反应组,LVEF提高＜0.05或者入院1次以上的患者入选无反应组,观察两组之间左心室瘢痕负荷和同步性指标之间的差异.结果 30例患者中反应组19例(男8例),无反应组11例(男8例).两组之间术前临床资料相似,年龄、性别均差异无统计学意义;有反应组术前QRS时限显著大于无反应组[(163.0±7.7)ms对(134.6±11.8) ms,P＜0.05];两组术前LVEF差异无统计学意义,但术后有反应组显著高于无反应组(0.49±0.02对0.33±0.15,P＜0.01).两组患者左心室瘢痕负荷和CRT术后左心室同步性差异具有统计学意义,有反应组患者的左心室瘢痕负荷明显低于无反应组(24.6％±3.6％对36.5％±3.9％,P=0.022);有反应组左心室同步性较好,收缩期相位时间标准差明显小于无反应组(28.1°±4.4°对56.1°±6.9°,P＜0.01),收缩期带宽明显小于无反应组(88.0°±13.9°对170.1°±24.4°,P＜0.01).左心室瘢痕负荷和心脏同步性对CRT疗效具有明显的影响.结论 接受CRT的慢性心力衰竭患者,左心室瘢痕负荷和CRT术后心脏同步性与CRT疗效密切相关.     

血清N-末端脑钠肽与心脏再同步化治疗慢性心衰患者预后的相关研究

目的:探讨术前血清N-末端脑钠肽(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)浓度与心脏再同步化治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)术后慢性心衰(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者心功能以及预后的关系?方法:选择2012年3月—2014年10月在本院植入CRT或CRT-D的CHF患者60例,术前测定血浆NT-proBNP水平;术前以及术后6个月测定超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)?依据CRT植入后6个月随访时LVEF绝对值较基线增加≥5%为标准,分为有反应组和无反应组?随访期间观察CHF患者主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)?结果:CRT术后有反应组术前NT-proBNP?随访MACE发生率明显小于CRT无反应组(P < 0.01)?以NT-proBNP 2 354.5 pg/mL为最佳分界点,预测CRT术后无反应的敏感度为95.0%,特异度为92.5%?以NT-proBNP 2 254.5 pg/mL为最佳分界点,预测发生心血管事件的敏感度95.2%,特异度92.3 %?Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示NT-proBNP≤2 254.5 pg/mL患者生存时间高于NT-proBNP≥2 254.5 pg/mL者(P < 0.01)?结论:术前血清NT-proBNP水平与CHF患者CRT术后反应程度以及心血管不良事件相关?     

心脏再同步化治疗中腋静脉径路植入左室导线的临床应用评价

目的:观察慢性心力衰竭患者腋静脉的解剖特征,并探讨心脏再同步化治疗(CRT/CRTD)中经腋静脉途径植入左室导线的可行性和安全性?方法:选择2013年1月—2015年2月行心脏再同步化治疗(CRT或CRTD)患者59例,根据左室导线植入径路分为腋静脉组(n=23)和锁骨下静脉组(n=36),比较两种径路左室导线植入时间?参数及相关并发症;同期选择新植入双腔起搏器(DDD)患者67例,所有患者术前行腋静脉造影,比较慢性心力衰竭和正常心脏结构患者腋静脉内径的差异?结果:所有患者均成功植入CRT/CRTD和DDD装置?心脏再同步化治疗组和双腔起搏器组腋静脉解剖结构相似,两组间腋静脉内径无统计学差异[(10.77 ± 2.19)mm vs (10.11 ± 2.02)mm,P > 0.05];心脏再同步化治疗经腋静脉径路和经锁骨下静脉径路植入左室导线的时间?植入并发症无统计学差异(P > 0.05);右房?右室?左室导线的阈值?感知?阻抗两组间无统计学差异(P > 0.05)?结论:慢性心力衰竭患者腋静脉内径无明显异常,心脏再同步化治疗中经腋静脉径路植入左室导线安全可行?     

健康人微伏级T波电交替渐量修正平均法检测分析

目的探讨渐量修正平均法检测健康人微伏级T波电交替(microvolt T wave alternans,MTWA)的正常范围。方法平板运动提升心率,渐量修正平均法检测120例健康志愿者各胸前导联T波交替电压(alternans voltage,Valt),分析其大小分布范围及与性别、年龄的关系。结果(1)各胸前导联T波交替电压数据均呈偏态分布;胸前导联Valt大小与年龄无关;V4、V5导联Valt男女性别间差异有统计学意义,女性高于男性。(2)各胸前导联T波交替电压有较大差别,第75百分位数分别为V1导联8.0μV;V2导联5.0μV;V3导联2.0μV;V4导联男性2.0μV,女性6.0μV;V5导联男性4.5μV,女性6.5μV;V6导联7.0μV;胸前导联T波交替电压最大值(Vmax)第75百分位数11.0μV。结论:渐量修正平均法检测健康人微伏级T波电交替不同胸前导联之间有较大差别;确定正常标准需要因导联而异。     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

三维电解剖标测指导疑难右侧游离壁旁路的导管消融

Objective To demonstrate the electroanatomic substrates of right-sided free wall (RFW)accessory pathways (APs) which were refractory to conventional catheter ablation utilizing three-dimensional (3D) mapping. Methods Seventeen patients with RFW APs that failed initial conventional catheter ablation(s)by a mean of 1～3(1.8±0.6) attempts were enrolled in the study. Electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium was performed during right ventricular pacing in 14 patients and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in 3patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered via irrigation catheter to the earliest atrial activation site. Results The earliest atrial activation site, which represented the atrial insertion of the APs, was separated from the tricuspid annulus by an average of 9 ～ 20 ( 13.6 ± 3.4 ) mm, and the local activation time was 18 ～ 80(31.5±16.3) ms earlier than that of the corresponding annular point. The target electrogram demonstrated AP potential in fourteen patients and ventriculoatrial fusion in the rest three. Accessory pathway was blocked in one case during moving the catheter and RF ablation delivery on the areas. One patient exhibited an AP with wide branching on the atrial side during mapping. RF ablation with an irrigated catheter successfully interrupted AP conduction in remaining 16 patients without complications. After a mean follow-up of 3 ～ 41 (18.6±12.7) months, there were no recurrences of ventricular preexcitation or episodes of tachycardia. Conclusion RFW APs refractory to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distance from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.