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1.
Distinct genetic alterations and luminal molecular subtype in nested variant of urothelial carcinoma
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Stephanie Jung Sebastian Maximilian Altstetter Ulrike Protzer 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2020,26(21):2781-2791
Hepatitis D virus(HDV) is a global health threat with more than 15 million humans affected. Current treatment options are largely unsatisfactory leaving chronically infected humans at high risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV is the only human satellite virus known. It encodes only two proteins, and requires Hepatitis B virus(HBV) envelope protein expression for productive virion release and spread of the infection. How HDV could evolve and why HBV was selected as a helper virus remains unknown. Since the discovery of Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide as the essential uptake receptor for HBV and HDV, we are beginning to understand the interactions of HDV and the immune system. While HBV is mostly regarded a stealth virus, that escapes innate immune recognition, HBV-HDV coinfection is characterized by a strong innate immune response. Cytoplasmic RNA sensor melanoma differentiation antigen 5 has been reported to recognize HDV RNA replication and activate innate immunity. Innate immunity, however, seems not to impair HDV replication while it inhibits HBV. In this review, we describe what is known up-to-date about the interplay between HBV as a helper and HDV's immune evasion strategy and identify where additional research is required. 相似文献
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Jennifer C. Sasaki Ashley Allemang Steven M. Bryce Laura Custer Kerry L. Dearfield Yasmin Dietz Azeddine Elhajouji Patricia A. Escobar Albert J. Fornace Jr Roland Froetschl Sheila Galloway Ulrike Hemmann Giel Hendriks Heng-Hong Li Mirjam Luijten Gladys Ouedraogo Lauren Peel Stefan Pfuhler Daniel J. Roberts Véronique Thybaud Jan van Benthem Carole L. Yauk Maik Schuler 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2020,61(1):114-134
In May 2017, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee hosted a workshop to discuss whether mode of action (MOA) investigation is enhanced through the application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. As AOPs are a relatively new approach in genetic toxicology, this report describes how AOPs could be harnessed to advance MOA analysis of genotoxicity pathways using five example case studies. Each of these genetic toxicology AOPs proposed for further development includes the relevant molecular initiating events, key events, and adverse outcomes (AOs), identification and/or further development of the appropriate assays to link an agent to these events, and discussion regarding the biological plausibility of the proposed AOP. A key difference between these proposed genetic toxicology AOPs versus traditional AOPs is that the AO is a genetic toxicology endpoint of potential significance in risk characterization, in contrast to an adverse state of an organism or a population. The first two detailed case studies describe provisional AOPs for aurora kinase inhibition and tubulin binding, leading to the common AO of aneuploidy. The remaining three case studies highlight provisional AOPs that lead to chromosome breakage or mutation via indirect DNA interaction (inhibition of topoisomerase II, production of cellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of DNA synthesis). These case studies serve as starting points for genotoxicity AOPs that could ultimately be published and utilized by the broader toxicology community and illustrate the practical considerations and evidence required to formalize such AOPs so that they may be applied to genetic toxicity evaluation schemes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:114–134, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Matthias Christgen MD PhD Oleg Gluz MD Nadia Harbeck MD Ronald E. Kates PhD Mieke Raap MD Henriette Christgen Michael Clemens MD Wolfram Malter MD Benno Nuding MD Bahriye Aktas MD Sherko Kuemmel MD Toralf Reimer MD Andrea Stefek MD Petra Krabisch MD Marianne Just MD Doris Augustin MD Monika Graeser MD Frederick Baehner MD Rachel Wuerstlein MD Ulrike Nitz MD Hans Kreipe MD the West German Study Group PlanB Investigators 《Cancer》2020,126(22):4847-4858
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Fatma Doener Henoch S. Hong Ingo Meyer Keyvan Tadjalli-Mehr Angelika Daehling Regina Heidenreich Sven D. Koch Mariola Fotin-Mleczek Ulrike Gnad-Vogt 《Vaccine》2019,37(13):1819-1826
Background
We report the first-in-concept human trial of the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity when a novel TLR 7/8/RIG I agonist RNA-based adjuvant, CV8102, was administered alone or mixed with fractional doses of a licensed rabies vaccine (Rabipur®) as model antigen.Methods
The primary objective was to assess the safety and reactogenicity of various dose levels of CV8102 alone or mixed with Rabipur® in healthy 18–40 year-old male volunteers. A secondary objective was to assess the immune-enhancing potential of bedside-mixes of CV8102 with fractional doses of Rabipur® by measuring induction of rabies virus neutralising titres (VNTs).Results
Fifty-six volunteers received 50–100?μg CV8102 alone (n?=?11), bedside-mixed CV8102 and Rabipur® (n?=?20), or Rabipur® alone (n?=?25; control). When given alone or mixed with Rabipur® CV8102 caused mostly Grade 1 or 2 local or systemic reactogenicity, but no related SAEs. As 100?µg CV8102 was associated with marked CRP increases further dose escalation was stopped. Combining 25–50?µg of CV8102 with fractional doses of Rabipur® significantly improved the kinetics of VNT responses; 50?µg CV8102 also improved the magnitude of VNT responses to 1/10 Rabipur® but caused severe but self-limiting influenza-like symptoms in 2 of 14 subjects.Conclusions
Doses of 25 and 50?µg CV8102 appeared safe and with an acceptable reactogenicity profile while significantly enhancing the immunogenicity of fractional doses of rabies vaccine.EudraCT No. 2013-004514-18. 相似文献9.
10.
Adel Abdallah Alberto Pappo Ulrike Reiss Barry L. Shulkin Zhengping Zhuang Karel Pacak Armita Bahrami 《Pediatric blood & cancer》2020,67(4)
We report an index case of a male patient who presented with all clinical manifestations of Pacak‐Zhuang syndrome, including early‐age polycythemia, multiple pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas, duodenal somatostatinoma, and ocular findings. Sequencing analysis detected an EPAS1 mutation in all tumors tested, but not in the germline. 相似文献