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1.
Pietro Nenoff Shyam B. Verma Resham Vasani Anke Burmester Uta‐Christina Hipler Franziska Wittig Constanze Krüger Kolja Nenoff Cornelia Wiegand Abir Saraswat Rengarajan Madhu Saumya Panda Anupam Das Mahendra Kura Akshay Jain Daniela Koch Yvonne Grser Silke Uhrlaß 《Mycoses》2019,62(4):336-356
The disease burden of chronic‐relapsing and therapy‐refractory superficial dermatophytosis dramatically increased in India within the past 5‐6 years. In order to evaluate the prevalence of this trend, 201 skin scrapings were collected from patients from all parts of India and were tested for dermatophytes using both fungal culture and a PCR‐ELISA directly performed with native skin scrapings. Fungal culture material was identified by genomic Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor (TEF)‐1α gene. In total, 149 (74.13%) out of the 201 samples showed a dermatophyte‐positive culture result. Out of this, 138 (92.62%) samples were identified as Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes and 11 (7.38%) as Trichophyton rubrum. The PCR‐ELISA revealed similar results: 162 out of 201 (80.56%) samples were dermatophyte‐positive showing 151 (93.21%) T mentagrophytes‐ and 11 (6.79%) T rubrum‐positive samples. In this study, we show for the first time a dramatic Indian‐wide switch from T rubrum to T mentagrophytes. Additionally, sequencing revealed a solely occurring T mentagrophytes “Indian ITS genotype” that might be disseminated Indian‐wide due to the widespread abuse of topical clobetasol and other steroid molecules mixed with antifungal and antibacterial agents. 相似文献
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Turnbull Chris D. Stockley James A. Madathil Shyam Huq Syed S. A. Cooper Brendan G. Ali Asad Wharton Simon Stradling John R. Heitmar Rebekka 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2022,260(7):2129-2139
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be of importance in the development of ocular vascular diseases.... 相似文献
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Alison E. Willing Mahasweta Das Mark Howell Shyam S. Mohapatra Subhra Mohapatra 《CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics》2020,26(6):616-627
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes death and disability in the United States and around the world. The traumatic insult causes the mechanical injury of the brain and primary cellular death. While a comprehensive pathological mechanism of TBI is still lacking, the focus of the TBI research is concentrated on understanding the pathophysiology and developing suitable therapeutic approaches. Given the complexities in pathophysiology involving interconnected immunologic, inflammatory, and neurological cascades occurring after TBI, the therapies directed to a single mechanism fail in the clinical trials. This has led to the development of the paradigm of a combination therapeutic approach against TBI. While there are no drugs available for the treatment of TBI, stem cell therapy has shown promising results in preclinical studies. But, the success of the therapy depends on the survival of the stem cells, which are limited by several factors including route of administration, health of the administered cells, and inflammatory microenvironment of the injured brain. Reducing the inflammation prior to cell administration may provide a better outcome of cell therapy following TBI. This review is focused on different therapeutic approaches of TBI and the present status of the clinical trials. 相似文献
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Vivien H. Lee Bichun Ouyang Sayona John James J. Conners Rajeev Garg Thomas P. Bleck Richard E. Temes Shawna Cutting Shyam Prabhakaran 《Neurocritical care》2014,21(1):14-19
Background
The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is a simple grading scale that can be used to stratify risk of 30 day mortality in ICH patients. A similar risk stratification scale for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is lacking. We sought to develop a risk stratification mortality score for SAH.Methods
With approval from the Institutional Review Board, we retrospectively reviewed 400 consecutive SAH patients admitted to our institution from August 1, 2006 to March 1, 2011. The SAH score was developed from a multivariable logistic regression model which was validated with bootstrap method. A separate cohort of 302 SAH patients was used for evaluation of the score.Results
Among 400 patients with SAH, the mean age was 56.9 ± 13.9 years (range, 21.5–96.2). Among the 366 patients with known causes of SAH, 292 (79.8 %) of patients had aneurysmal SAH, 65 (17.8 %) were angiogram negative, and 9 (2 %) were other vascular causes. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20 %. In multivariable analysis, the variables independently associated with the in-hospital mortality were Hunt and Hess score (HH) (p < 0.0001), age (p < 0.0001), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p = 0.049), and re-bleed (p = 0.01). The SAH score (0–8) was made by adding the following points: HH (HH1-3 = 0, HH4 = 1, HH5 = 4), age (<60 = 0, 60–80 = 1, ≥80 = 2), IVH (no = 0, yes = 1), and re-bleed within 24 h (no = 0, yes = 1). Using our model, the in-hospital mortality rates for patients with score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 0.9, 4.5, 9.1, 34.5, 52.9, 60, 82.1, and 83.3 % respectively. Validation analysis indicates good predictive performance of this model.Conclusion
The SAH score allows a practical method of risk stratification of the in-hospital mortality. The in-hospital mortality increases with increasing SAH mortality score. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings. 相似文献10.