The effect of wound complications following mastectomy with immediate reconstruction on breast cancer recurrence

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine whether complications following mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) were associated with breast cancer recurrence.

Use of different combination diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines does not increase risk of 30-day infant mortality. A population-based linkage cohort study using administrative data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register and the National Death Index.

Objective

To determine whether differences in combination DTaP vaccine types at 2, 4 and 6?months of age were associated with mortality (all-cause or non-specific), within 30?days of vaccination.

使用棱镜重新定位双侧中心暗点患者视网膜物像的预试验

目的 本研究使用激光扫描检眼镜(SLO)评价双侧中央暗点患者使用棱镜后的眼球运动反应.方法 本预试验共招募6例有双侧中央暗点的年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)患者以及6例正常视力的志愿者.首先用Nidek MP-1微视野仪确认患者的中央暗点和优选视网膜注视点(PRL),然后用Rodenstock SLO,在将视标投射在优选视网膜注视点时拍下实时视网膜像,接着在受检者眼前加入6～8 PD的棱镜,要求受检者保持注视视标,这时通过视网膜标记来测量视网膜像的移位量,以及随后发生的优选视网膜注视点的再次注视.过程中平均移位量和再次注视时间通过图像软件(ImageJ software)来计算.结果 实验组再次注视时的移位量在3个像素点或11.66个弧分之内(x轴:2.90±3.92,y轴:2.53±4.18).对照组再次注视时的移位会准确些(x轴:0.33±1.15,y轴:0.89±2.50),但与实验组差异无统计学意义(tx=1.32,Px＞0.05;ty=0.80,Py＞0.05).对照组再次注视时间(0.98±0.19)s较实验组(2.83±1.63)s要短,差距有统计学意义(t=5.03,P＜0.01).其中有1例实验组受检者没有发生再次注视,其结果被排除并单独分析.结论 研究发现,双眼中央暗点患者对棱镜物像转移后的再注视反应与正常人接近,但实验组再注视明显较对照组慢,并有1例受检者没有发生再注视.该数据说明双侧中央暗点患者无论眼前有没有棱镜,都会利用相同的视网膜位置视物,因此,通过棱镜物像再定位的意义不大.     

A probabilistic estimation of fluoride intake by infants up to the age of 4 months from infant formula reconstituted with tap water in the fluoridated regions of Ireland

Two probabilistic models were developed to estimate the acute and chronic exposure to fluoride of exclusively formula-fed infants aged 0-4 months as a result of the consumption of infant formula reconstituted with fluoridated tap water in Ireland. The estimates were based on calculated infant formula consumption and accepted body weight standards, together with reported concentrations of fluoride in infant formula powder and measured values for the fluoride content of water in Ireland. The mean acute exposure of infants to fluoride on any single day in areas served by 387 fluoridated water supplies was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.14 mg/kg body weight depending on age group (95th percentiles 0.2 and 0.26 mg/kg b.w., respectively). These predicted intakes were well below the intake of fluoride associated with acute toxic effects, which is considered to be 5 mg fluoride (F(-))/kg body weight. The mean chronic exposure of infants to fluoride was estimated to be between 0.106 and 0.170 mg/kg b.w./day depending on body weight (95th percentiles 0.108 and 0.172 mg/kg b.w./day, respectively). This estimate described the average daily fluoride intake of infants during the first 4 months of life residing in the areas served by 226 water supplies that achieved an average yearly fluoride concentration below 1.03 mg/l. Dental fluorosis may be considered to be the only risk at these low doses and from our work it is estimated that there is a very low risk of moderate dental fluorosis of the permanent dentition in infants exposed to fluoride at these levels.     

振幅型光栅法人眼调制传递函数测定的理论分析

目的:介绍测量视网膜调制传递函数的方法和光学原理,验证振幅型正弦光栅加零级空间滤波的方法测量视网膜调制传递函数使测量仪器小型化的可行性。方法:目前测量仪器中获得两相干点光源主要是使用平行板法、双道威棱镜法和光栅法3种,从理论上分析比较3种方法的优劣性,并重点分析矩形光栅、振幅型正弦光栅的各级衍射光强分布特点。结果:①平板法和双道威棱镜法可获得两相干点光源,也是在视网膜调制传递函数测量仪中应用比较成熟的技术,其光学原理简单,获得相干点光源的相干性良好,光强稳定。另外,使用双道威棱镜法时,可以用电位带动反射镜的移动来控制两点光源的间距,易于装置的智能化控制,但所设计的仪器外观尺寸较大,移动性较差,不利于测量装置的手持式和小型化发展。②矩形光栅法可以实现仪器的小型化,但由于矩形光栅的衍射图样是单缝衍射图样与多光束干涉图样相互调制的结果,即衍射光强的多光束干涉条纹干扰测量结果。③振幅型正弦光栅的透过率函数可以实现0￣1,以余弦波形式对入射光波产生振幅调制,且衍射光强只有三级谱线(0级和±1级),且±1级谱线的光强分布具有对称性,只要进行零级空间滤波,就可以得到作为视标调制度的两个点光源。结论:振幅型正弦光栅加零级空间滤波可以获得相干性良好相干点光源,并且可以实现测量仪器的小型化。     

Characterization of 107 genomic DNA reference materials for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and UGT1A1: a GeT-RM and Association for Molecular Pathology collaborative project

Pharmacogenetic testing is becoming more common; however, very few quality control and other reference materials that cover alleles commonly included in such assays are currently available. To address these needs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Genetic Testing Reference Material Coordination Program, in collaboration with members of the pharmacogenetic testing community and the Coriell Cell Repositories, have characterized a panel of 107 genomic DNA reference materials for five loci (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and UGT1A1) that are commonly included in pharmacogenetic testing panels and proficiency testing surveys. Genomic DNA from publicly available cell lines was sent to volunteer laboratories for genotyping. Each sample was tested in three to six laboratories using a variety of commercially available or laboratory-developed platforms. The results were consistent among laboratories, with differences in allele assignments largely related to the manufacturer's assay design and variable nomenclature, especially for CYP2D6. The alleles included in the assay platforms varied, but most were identified in the set of 107 DNA samples. Nine additional pharmacogenetic loci (CYP4F2, EPHX1, ABCB1, HLAB, KIF6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, TPMT, and DPD) were also tested. These samples are publicly available from Coriell and will be useful for quality assurance, proficiency testing, test development, and research.