不同TGF-β表达量的hAMSCs尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的影响

目的探讨不同转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达量的人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的恢复作用。方法从健康剖宫产产妇志愿捐献的新鲜羊膜中分离出hAMSCs,并进行纯化及鉴定。构建上调和下调TGF-β表达的慢病毒质粒,并转染纯化的hAMSCs,构建出稳定的上调或下调TGF-β表达的hAMSCs。分离并剪去C57BL/6小鼠的部分坐骨神经,将SD大鼠的坐骨神经分离剪取并移植至小鼠的坐骨神经缺损处,构建出异种周围神经移植小鼠模型。将模型小鼠按随机数字表分为对照组、未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组、高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组、低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组,每组10只。各组于造模前1 d分别经尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液或相应的hAMSCs重悬液进行移植治疗。于治疗后第14天时采用DigGait步态分析系统评估各组小鼠的坐骨神经功能恢复情况。结果治疗后第14天时,高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组小鼠的坐骨神经功能指数(-25.820±0.286)明显高于低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组(-33.413±0.920)和未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组(-30.755±0.421),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs尾静脉移植能够更有效地改善异种周围神经移植小鼠的坐骨神经功能,其可能成为周围神经损伤治疗的新突破口。     

Assessment of antibacterial and antifungal potential of Curcuma longa and synthesized nanoparticles: A comparative study

Curcumin nanoparticles were most recently considered in medical research because of their antibacterial properties. The main objective of the study was to develop the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles using Curcuma longa. The processing of curcumin nanoparticles was carried out after the collection, identification, and extraction of curcumin. The effect of a sample on the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as curcumin aqueous concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) and curcumin nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml), and the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the fungal strain Aspergillus niger. For examining antibacterial and anti-fungal activity disc diffusion method was performed, followed by the zone of inhibition. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 42.64 nm. Results showed that a high dose of 20 mg/ml curcumin nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity than curcumin extracts in E. coli as it showed the largest diameter of zone of inhibition as compared to other doses. Other bacterial and fungal strains also showed significant results but E. coli was most prominent. The biosynthesis of curcumin nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of C. longa is a clean, inexpensive, and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not have side effects. Since several pathogenic species have acquired antibiotic resistance, the combination of curcumin with various nanoparticles would be beneficial in the cure of pathogenic diseases.     

Two‐year follow‐up of fractured anterior teeth restored with direct composite resin: report of three cases

Abstract – Thirty‐five (case 1), 15 (case 2) and 22 (case 3)‐year‐old female patients presented to Yeditepe University Dental Faculty Clinic because of esthetic reasons. Fractures of maxillar central incisors including enamel and dentin were diagnosed. Beveling with diamond bur was performed in all four cases. Dentin was cleaned with tungsten carbid bur. The teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid, restored with an adhesive system and microhybrid composite. Finishing and polishing procedures were performed by discs (Sof‐Lex) and burs. Restorations were found successful according to modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria after 2 years in terms of retention, color match, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture.     

Bond strengths of three different dentin adhesive systems to sclerotic dentin

The two-fold aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths of different adhesive systems to sclerotic and sound palatal dentin; and (2) to observe the respective resin-dentin interfaces. Thirty extracted human incisor teeth were divided into two groups. Group I comprised sclerotic defects in the palatal zone. Group II comprised sound palatal dentin surfaces as control. Each group (n=15) was divided into three subgroups according to dentin adhesive systems: self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond), total-etch (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus), and glass ionomer (Reactmer Bond) adhesive systems. The specimens were subjected to tensile forces. Obtained data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan's test. Fracture sites and resin-dentin interfaces were observed using a light microscope and SEM. With sound dentin, Clearfil SE Bond showed a significantly higher bond strength than the other adhesives (p < 0.05). With sclerotic dentin, although there were no significant differences in bond strength among the adhesives groups (p > 0.05), the bond strength values of Clearfil SE Bond and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus were significantly decreased. On resin-dentin interface observation, different images were presented by different bonding systems.     

Subclavian stenting in a hostile aortic arch facilitated by a low-profile brachial artery through-and-through access

Subclavian stenting can be extremely difficult in a hostile type II aortic arch (with acute angulation of the subclavian artery origin) or type III aortic arch. This case illustrates use of a low-profile system to gain through-and-through (flossing) access through the brachial artery to facilitate stenting via the femoral approach. This approach can be useful in patients with small brachial arteries where the risk of complication may be high if a standard vascular sheath was placed for stenting via the brachial approach. This technique also avoids the use of a surgical cut down.     

Effect of some novel synthetic analogues of CCK-4 on insulin and glucagon secretion

Summary The biologic activities of three synthetic analogues of CCK-4 (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH₂) in which (i) the C-terminal residue Phe was N-methylated (peptide I); (ii) the C-terminal Phe residue was N-methylated and Ser is substituted for Met in position 2 (peptide II); (iii) Pro was substituted for Trp in position 1 and the C-terminal amino nitrogen was methylated (peptide III), have been described. Peptides I and II have been found to inhibit the release of both insulin and glucagon, while peptide III was found to be a potent releasing agent for insulin and an inhibitor for glucagon. C.D.R.I. Communication n^o 4264. Abbreviations for amino acids and peptide derivatives according to IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature [Biochemistry (Wash.)11, 1726, 1972].     

Insulin like activity in (−) epicatechin

Summary Water extract of the bark of plant ofPterocarpus marsupium Roxb is used as an antidiabetic drug in indigenous medicine in India. (−) Epicatechin, its active principle, has been found to be insulinogenic. The presentin vitro study reports some insulin like activities of (−) epicatechin. Like insulin, (−) epicatechin stimulates oxygen uptake in fat cells and tissue slices of various organs, increases glycogen content of rat diaphragm in dose-dependent manner with corresponding increase in U¹⁴-C glucose uptake, and inhibits theophylline induced lipolysis in isolated fat pads in dose-dependent manner. Experiments on competitive binding of¹²⁵I-insulin and (−) epicatechin to liver cell plasma membrane indicate that insulin does not share binding site with (−) epicatechin. (−) Epicatechin at a concentration of up to 1 mM does not effect the release of glucagon from the isletsin vitro. Thus, (−) epicatechin has insulinogenic as well as insulin like properties. C.D.R.I. Communication no 4499.     

Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt in the elderly: Palliation for complications of portal hypertension

AIM:To present a dedicated series of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunts(TIPS) in the elderly since data is sparse on this population group.METHODS:A retrospective review was performed of patients at least 65 years of age who underwent TIPS at our institutions between 1997 and 2010.Twentyfive patients were referred for TIPS.We deemed that 2 patients were not considered appropriate candidates due to their markedly advanced liver disease.Of the 23 patients suitable for TIPS,the indications for TIPS placement was portal hypertension complicated by refractory ascites alone(n = 9),hepatic hydrothorax alone(n = 2),refractory ascites and hydrothorax(n = 1),gastrointestinal bleeding alone(n = 8),gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites(n = 3).RESULTS:Of these 23 attempted TIPS procedure patients,21 patients had technically successful TIPS procedures.A total of 29 out of 32 TIPS procedures including revisions were successful in 21 patients with a mean age of 72.1 years(range 65-82 years).Three of the procedures were unsuccessful attempts at TIPS and 8 procedures were successful revisions of our existing TIPS.Sixteen of 21 patients who underwent successful TIPS(excluding 5 patients lost to follow-up) were followed for a mean of 14.7 mo.Ascites and/or hydrothorax was controlled following technically successful procedures in 12 of 13 patients.Bleeding was controlled following technically successful procedures in 10 out of 11 patients.CONCLUSION:We have demonstrated that TIPS is an effective procedure to control refractory complications of portal hypertension in elderly patients.     

Prevalence and impact of comorbidities on disease prognosis among patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A nationwide study amid the second wave

BackgroundSocio-demographics and comorbidities are involved in determining the severity and fatality in patients with COVID-19 suggested by studies in various countries, but study in Bangladesh is insufficient.AimsWe designed the study to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and comorbidities with the prognosis of adverse health outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh.MethodsA multivariate retrospective cohort study was conducted on data from 966 RT-PCR positive patients from eight divisions during December 13, 2020, to February 13, 2021. Variables included sociodemographic, comorbidities, symptoms, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and access to health facilities. Major outcome was fatality. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization, duration of hospital stay, requirement of mechanical ventilation and severity.ResultsMale (65.8%, 636 of 966) was predominant and mean age was 39.8 ± 12.6 years. Fever (79%), dry cough (55%), and loss of test/smell (51%) were frequent and 74% patients had >3 symptoms. Fatality was recorded in 10.5% patients. Comorbidities were found in 44% patients. Hypertension (21.5%) diabetes (14.6%), and cardiovascular diseases (11.3%) were most prevalent. Age >60 years (OR: 4.83, 95% CI: 2.45–6.49), and CCI >3 (OR: 5.48, 95% CI: 3.95–7.24) were predictors of hospitalizations. CCI >4 (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 2.57–6.09) was predictor of severity. Age >60 years (aOR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.07–6.34), >3 symptoms (aOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 0.97–4.91) and CCI >3 vs. CCI <3 (aOR: 5.23, 95% CI: 3.77–8.09) were independently associated with fatality.ConclusionsIncreased age, >3 symptoms, increasing comorbidities, higher CCI were associated with increased hospitalization, severity and fatality in patients with COVID-19.     

Catheter-directed middle hemorrhoidal artery embolization for life-threatening rectal bleeding.

Over the past 10 years, arteriography has become a well-established technique for the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but not particularly for rectal bleeding. However, to the authors' knowledge, the technique of middle hemorrhoidal artery embolization has rarely been reported in the literature. In the present report, three patients with life-threatening rectal bleeding are presented, which was controlled by superselective embolization of the middle hemorrhoidal artery or selective embolization of the internal iliac artery as a last resort.