收费全文 | 22395篇 |
免费 | 1183篇 |
国内免费 | 235篇 |
耳鼻咽喉 | 238篇 |
儿科学 | 472篇 |
妇产科学 | 668篇 |
基础医学 | 2517篇 |
口腔科学 | 520篇 |
临床医学 | 1636篇 |
内科学 | 5982篇 |
皮肤病学 | 396篇 |
神经病学 | 2463篇 |
特种医学 | 885篇 |
外科学 | 3615篇 |
综合类 | 45篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 832篇 |
眼科学 | 277篇 |
药学 | 1341篇 |
中国医学 | 47篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1875篇 |
2023年 | 170篇 |
2022年 | 165篇 |
2021年 | 536篇 |
2020年 | 438篇 |
2019年 | 506篇 |
2018年 | 679篇 |
2017年 | 555篇 |
2016年 | 627篇 |
2015年 | 714篇 |
2014年 | 926篇 |
2013年 | 1119篇 |
2012年 | 1769篇 |
2011年 | 1794篇 |
2010年 | 1015篇 |
2009年 | 999篇 |
2008年 | 1625篇 |
2007年 | 1612篇 |
2006年 | 1461篇 |
2005年 | 1390篇 |
2004年 | 1360篇 |
2003年 | 1216篇 |
2002年 | 1071篇 |
2001年 | 151篇 |
2000年 | 116篇 |
1999年 | 157篇 |
1998年 | 147篇 |
1997年 | 119篇 |
1996年 | 131篇 |
1995年 | 128篇 |
1994年 | 84篇 |
1993年 | 97篇 |
1992年 | 92篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 79篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 67篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 56篇 |
1983年 | 49篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 42篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1970年 | 12篇 |
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical aspect to consider when making treatment decisions for patients with non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL). This international study by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tested the psychometric properties of two newly developed measures for patients with high-grade (HG)- and low-grade (LG)-NHL: the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and the EORTC QLQ-NHL-LG20 to supplement the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30).Methods
Overall, 768 patients with HG-NHL (N = 423) and LG-NHL (N = 345) from 12 countries completed the QLQ-C30, QLQ-NHL-HG29/QLQ-NHL-LG20 and a debriefing questionnaire at baseline, and a subset at follow-up for either retest (N = 125/124) or responsiveness to change (RCA; N = 98/49).Results
Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good fit of the 29 items of the QLQ-NHL-HG29 on its five scales (symptom burden [SB], neuropathy, physical condition/fatigue [PF], emotional impact [EI], and worries about health/functioning [WH]), and of the 20 items of the QLQ-NHL-LG20 on its four scales (SB, PF, EI, and WH). Completion took on average 10 minutes. Test–retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group comparisons, and RCA find satisfactory results of both measures. A total of 31%–78% of patients with HG-NHL and 22%–73% of patients with LG-NHL reported symptoms and/or worries (e.g., tingling in hands/feet, lack of energy, and worries about recurrence). Patients reporting symptoms/worries had substantially lower HRQOL compared to those without.Discussion
The use of the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20 questionnaires in clinical research and practice will provide clinically relevant data to better inform treatment decision-making.Plain language summary
- The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed two questionnaires.
- These questionnaires measure health-related quality of life.
- The questionnaires are for patients with high-grade or low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- They are called the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20.
- The questionnaires are now internationally validated.
- This study demonstrates that the questionnaires are reliably and valid, which are important aspects of a questionnaire.
- The questionnaires can now be used in clinical trials and practice.
- With the information gathered from the questionnaires, patients and clinicians can better evaluate treatments and discuss the best choice for a patient.
Cryotherapy after orthognathic surgery is essential for the control of facial edema. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of Hilotherapy face mask in reducing facial edema after orthognathic surgery, studying facial surfaces with an innovative, fast, economical 3D facial scan system based on an iPhone app.
MethodsEighty-four patients with Class III were included: 35 patients treated with Hilotherm after orthognathic surgery (Group 1), 32 patients with ice packs (Group 2), 7 patients who refused cryotherapy (not 1 - not Group 2). Their facial scans performed immediately after surgery (T0), at 24 (T1), 48 (T2) and 72 h (T3) after surgery, were acquired in specific software, and the discrepancies between them were studied in an accurate 3D volumetric method.
ResultsWe measured a significantly better edema trend in Group 1 in the tragus–nasal wing line and in the tragus–labial commissure line at T1, and also in the tragus–menton line at T2 and T3.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, Hilotherapy represents a more comfortable and more effective cryotherapy system in controlling the trend of facial edema after orthognathic surgery. The method we used for the facial scans is accurate, cheap, smart, and fast. As demonstrated by the 3D volumetric study of the face, the regions of the middle third of the face are those in which the difference is most noticeable.
相似文献