Metformin therapy in COVID-19: inhibition of NETosis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis -     

Breast cancer awareness and knowledge assessment among men and women in Malaysia

Journal of Public Health - The prevalence of breast cancer cases in Malaysia is 1 in every 20 women. Comprehending the risk factors and causation of breast cancer as well as enabling early...     

A neurosurgical approach to traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic hypopituitarism

Purpose

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of mortality and major disability worldwide. The initial management often depends on the severity of the injury. Pituitary dysfunction can develop as a sequela of TBI, and can have long-term, debilitating impact on the patients. Early identification and prompt intervention of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) is essential to prevent or minimize the adverse consequences of this condition. We hereby provide an overview of the current management of TBI from a neurosurgical standpoint. We then review the pathophysiology and risk factors of developing PTHP, as well as our recommendations for its management.

Methods

A review of current literature on TBI and PTHP, including primary research articles, reviews and clinical guidelines.

Results

The current neurosurgical approach to the management of TBI is presented, followed by the pathophysiology and risk factors of PTHP, as well as our recommendations for its management.

Conclusions

Post-traumatic hypopitutiarism is a serious and potentially debilitating condition that is likely under-recognised and under-diagnosed. From a neurosurgical perspective, we advocate a pragmatic approach, i.e. screening those considered at high risk of developing PTHP based on clinical features and biochemical/endocrinological testings; and referring them to a specialist endocrinologist for further management as indicated.

     

Does Timing of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Prior to or After Lumbar Spine Fusion Have an Effect on Dislocation and Revision Rates?

Background

Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) following lumbar spine fusion have an increased incidence of dislocation compared to those without prior lumbar fusion. The purpose of this study is to determine if timing of THA prior to or after lumbar fusion would have an effect on dislocation and revision incidence in patients with both hip and lumbar spine pathology.

Changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during nivolumab monotherapy are associated with gastric cancer survival

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - In the ATTRACTION-2 trial, nivolumab significantly improved the survival of advanced gastric cancer patients. The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio...