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Immunosequencing is a platform technology that allows the enumeration, specification and quantification of each and every B‐ and/or T‐cell in any biologic sample of interest. Thus, it provides an assessment of the level and distribution of all the clonal lymphocytes in any sample, and allows “tracking” of a single clone or multiple clones of interest over time or from tissue to tissue within a given patient. It is based on bias‐controlled multiplex PCR and high‐throughput sequencing, and it is highly accurate, standardized, and sensitive. In this review, we provide evidence that immunosequencing is becoming an important analytic tool for the emerging field of immune‐oncology, and describe several applications of this approach, including the assessment of residual disease post therapy in lymphoid malignancies, the prediction of response to immunotherapeutics of solid tumors containing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the identification of clonal responses in vaccination, infectious disease, bone marrow reconstitution, and autoimmunity, and the exploration of whether there are population‐based stereotyped responses to certain exposures or interventions. 相似文献
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Osteochondral repair using an acellular dermal matrix—pilot in vivo study in a rabbit osteochondral defect model 下载免费PDF全文
Ken Ye Kathy Traianedes Shalley A. Robins Peter F. M. Choong Damian E. Myers 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2018,36(7):1919-1928
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Mark R Gilbert Ying Yuan Jimin Wu Tito Mendoza Elizabeth Vera Antonio Omuro Frank Lieberman H Ian Robins Elizabeth R Gerstner Jing Wu Patrick Y Wen Tom Mikkelsen Kenneth Aldape Terri S Armstrong 《Neuro-oncology》2021,23(3):468
BackgroundNo standard medical treatment exists for adult patients with recurrent ependymoma, and prospective clinical trials in this population have not succeeded because of its rarity and challenges in accruing patients. The Collaborative Ependymoma Research Network conducted a prospective phase II clinical trial of dose-dense temozolomide (TMZ) and lapatinib, targeting the unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter status and increased expression of ErbB2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor) in ependymomas.MethodsPatients age 18 or older with histologically proven and progressive ependymoma or anaplastic ependymoma were eligible and received dose-dense TMZ and daily lapatinib. The primary outcome measure was median progression-free survival (PFS). Landmark 6- and 12-month PFS and objective response were measured. Serial assessments of symptom burden using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT)/MDASI–Spine Tumor modules were collected.ResultsThe 50 patients enrolled had a median age of 43.5 years, median Karnofsky performance status of 90, and a median of 2 prior relapses. Twenty patients had grade III, 16 grade II, and 8 grade I ependymoma. Half had spinal cord tumors; 15 had a supratentorial tumor, 8 infratentorial, and 2 had disseminated disease. Treatment was well tolerated. The median PFS was 7.8 months (95% CI: 5.5,12.2); the 6- and 12-month PFS rates were 55% and 38%, with 2 complete and 6 partial responses. Measures of symptom burden showed reduction in moderate-severe pain and other disease-related symptoms in most patients.ConclusionsThis treatment, with demonstrated clinical activity with objective responses and prolonged disease control associated with disease-related symptom improvements, is an option as a salvage regimen for adult patients with recurrent ependymoma. 相似文献
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In vitro effect of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (virazole, ICN 1229) on deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses 总被引:4,自引:29,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
J H Huffman R W Sidwell G P Khare J T Witkowski L B Allen R K Robins 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1973,3(2):235-241
Virazole (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a highly soluble new synthetic nucleoside having significant, reproducible activity against a broad spectrum of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses in vitro. The drug inhibited viral cytopathogenic effects in monolayers of cells infected for 3 days with type 3 adeno, types 1 and 2 herpes, myxoma, cytomegalo, vaccinia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, types 1A, 2, 8, 13, and 56 rhino, types 1 and 3 parainfluenza, vesicular stomatitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Semliki Forest, Newcastle disease, and measles viruses. Hemagglutinin production by influenza A(2), influenza B, and type 1 parainfluenza viruses in chicken embryo cells was reduced by Virazole treatment. Recoverable intra- and extracellular virus titers were reduced by the drug in experiments with type 1 herpes, vaccinia, type 3 parainfluenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Plaque formation by type 1 herpesvirus was also inhibited by exposure of the infected cells to Virazole. Pretreatment of cells with the compound, followed by its removal before addition of type 1 herpesvirus, severely lessened the antiviral activity; the compound was still moderately effective in reducing the viral effects on the cells when added as long as 22 hr after the virus. Parallel experiments, in which the antiviral activity of a number of known active drugs was compared, indicated Virazole to have at least a comparable degree of activity, and it was also active against a wider variety of viruses than any of these known active materials. The CCED(50) of Virazole to chicken embryo cells was approximately 1,000 mug/ml, although concentrations as low as 10 mug/ml caused slight (15%) inhibition in total cellular protein after 72 hr of incubation. 相似文献
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Activity of purine analogs against Leishmania tropica within human macrophages in vitro 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
J D Berman L S Lee R K Robins G R Revankar 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1983,24(2):233-236
The activity of purine analogs against Leishmania tropica in human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro was determined. Formycin B, formycin A, formycin B and A monophosphate, and formycin A triphosphate all had 50% effective doses of 0.02 to 0.04 microM and eliminated 90% of organisms at less than or equal to 0.5 microM. Allopurinol ribonucleoside was much less active: the 50% effective dose was 76 to 190 microM, and 90% of organisms were not eliminated at the highest dose tested (190 microM). 7-Deazainosine had a low 50% effective dose (0.2 microM), but only 80% of organisms were eliminated at 4 microM. Thio derivatives were as active as or less active than the parent compounds. These data suggest that certain inosine analogs are much more active than others against macrophage-contained Leishmania spp. such as are found in human lesions. However, because toxicity to the human macrophage hosts generally paralleled antileishmanial activity, the more active compounds might also be more toxic to human cells. The activity of 3-deazaguanosine (50% effective dose, 3.6 microM) in this model suggests that guanosine derivatives may have potential as antileishmanial agents. 相似文献
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Georgia Robins Sadler Paula R. Beerman Kathy Lee Jenny Hung Helene Nguyen Janet Cho Wennie Huang 《Journal of cancer education》2012,27(4):612-617
Asian American women's historically low breast cancer mortality rate has remained constant as rates decreased for all other races. From 2000 to 2004, a randomized controlled trial explored the Asian grocery store-based breast cancer education program's impact on Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese women (n?=?1,540). Women aged 40 and older and non-adherent for annual screening mammograms were more likely to schedule a mammogram after receiving the breast cancer education program than women randomized to the prostate cancer program (X 2?=?3.85, p?=?0.05). With the right program ingredients, late adopters of breast cancer screening can be prompted to change. 相似文献
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Early gut colonization by Bifidobacterium breve and B. catenulatum differentially modulates eczema risk in children at high risk of developing allergic disease 下载免费PDF全文