Comparison of thromboelastometry by ROTEM® Delta and ROTEM® Sigma in women with postpartum haemorrhage

Haemostatic treatment in women experiencing postpartum haemorrhage is increasingly based on point-of-care devices such as ROTEM^® thromboelastometry. Recently, a fully automated successor of the ROTEM^® Delta device, the ROTEM^® Sigma was introduced. To determine whether these devices provide similar results, we compared ROTEM^® parameters using the ROTEM^® Delta and Sigma devices in women experiencing postpartum haemorrhage. Prospective observational cohort study of 23 women experiencing postpartum haemorrhage. ROTEM^® INTEM, EXTEM, FIBTEM and APTEM measurements handled by the ROTEM^® Delta and Sigma devices were compared. ROTEM^® FIBTEM values were also related to Clauss fibrinogen values. A correlation of Spearman’s r (r_s) varying between 0.76 and 0.95 was displayed between clot firmness measured in millimeters at 5 (A5), 10 (A10) and 20 (A20) minutes after start of clot formation measured by EXTEM, INTEM and APTEM assays executed on both devices; A5, A10 and A20 of FIBTEM correlated less well (r_S between 0.71 and 0.74), especially after five and ten minutes. Correlation between both devices regarding clotting time (CT) was poor. The observed correlation between levels of Clauss fibrinogen and FIBTEM A5 was r_s = 0.70, (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38 to 0.87) for Delta and r_s = 0.85, (CI 0.65 to 0.94) for Sigma. A5, A10 and A20 measured in EXTEM, INTEM and APTEM obtained from ROTEM^® Delta and Sigma devices were similar. EXTEM, FIBTEM and APTEM CT values from both devices showed no correlation. Substantial variation was found between FIBTEM assays of the devices. Consequently, results of FIBTEM assays should always be interpreted in the context of device-specific reference values. Correlation with Clauss fibrinogen was better in the ROTEM^® Sigma device.     

Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Findings and Risk Factors for Ocular Involvement in a Presumed Waterborne Toxoplasmosis Outbreak,Brazil

In 2015, an outbreak of presumed waterborne toxoplasmosis occurred in Gouveia, Brazil. We conducted a 3-year prospective study on a cohort of 52 patients from this outbreak, collected clinical and multimodal imaging findings, and determined risk factors for ocular involvement. At baseline examination, 12 (23%) patients had retinochoroiditis; 4 patients had bilateral and 2 had macular lesions. Multimodal imaging revealed 2 distinct retinochoroiditis patterns: necrotizing focal retinochoroiditis and punctate retinochoroiditis. Older age, worse visual acuity, self-reported recent reduction of visual acuity, and presence of floaters were associated with retinochoroiditis. Among patients, persons >40 years of age had 5 times the risk for ocular involvement. Five patients had recurrences during follow-up, a rate of 22% per person-year. Recurrences were associated with binocular involvement. Two patients had late ocular involvement that occurred >34 months after initial diagnosis. Patients with acquired toxoplasmosis should have long-term ophthalmic follow-up, regardless of initial ocular involvement.     

Continuing education in the child health handbook: an educational software for primary care1

ObjectiveTo present, the process of development and evaluation of an educational software on the Child Health Handbook proposed for the continuing education of primary care nurses and physicians.MethodsQuantitative study of methodological development. For software development, the following steps were followed: definition of objectives; determination of the target audience; choice of pedagogical and theoretical reference for content; content selection and structuring; software development and evaluation by experts (five nurses and four physicians). All responded to an instrument that included four domains: pedagogical; content; functionality; system presentation and usability. The evaluation criteria were arranged on a Likert-type scale. The percentage of agreement and Content Validity Index were used for the quantitative analysis of the degree of agreement, considering a Content Validity Index cutoff point equal to 0.80.ResultsThe overall agreement index, calculated by the arithmetic mean of the Contents Validity Index of the evaluated domains, was 0.96, with scores ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. The average percentage of agreement of the experts per domain was 92.86%, with lower agreement in the content (80.95%), presentation, and usability (90.48%) domains. 100% of percentage of agreement was observed in the pedagogical and functionality domains among the evaluated specialists.ConclusionThe percentage of agreement, Content Validity Index and overall agreement index of the Child Health Handbook educational software in the context of primary care disclosed the software adequacy as an educational resource for continuing education of primary care nurses and physicians. Considering the assessed dimensions, it can also be used by other health professionals and undergraduate students.     

A 4‐year follow‐up case of extrusive luxation in a patient with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition caused by brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth. Communication can be a challenge when treating patients with CP. Some patients can communicate verbally, while others use augmentative alternative communication tools or have individualized means of communication. Therefore, professional dental treatment in individuals with CP is challenging, especially if the patient is affected by dental trauma and requires emergency treatment. This report shows how individualized communication skills assessment allowed us to successfully manage a 9‐year‐old patient with CP, who suffered extrusive luxation of the permanent lower incisor. In the present case, the teeth were repositioned briefly after the trauma had occurred and then stabilized with a flexible splint according to international guidelines. The teeth remained vital and periodontal repair was observed during the 4‐year follow‐up.     

Braden scale for pressure ulcer risk predicts rehabilitation placement after pancreatic resection

BackgroundPatients undergoing pancreatic resection frequently require rehabilitation facilities after hospital discharge. We evaluated the predictive role of validated markers of frailty on rehabilitation facility placement to identify patients who may require this service.MethodsSingle-center retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent pancreatic resection from 2010 to 2015. 90-day morbidity and mortality were calculated. Postoperative validated markers of frailty (Activities of Daily Living scale, Braden scale [assesses pressure ulcer risk, lower scores = higher risk] and Morse fall scale) were evaluated via multivariate regression to identify predictors of discharge to rehabilitation facility.Results470 patients with complete data were included. Mean age was 62 and 49.2% were male. Postoperative median length of stay (LOS) was 8 (IQR 7–10). 92 (19.66%) patients were discharged to rehabilitation facilities and 138 (29.49%) patients were readmitted within 90 days. On multivariate analysis, age, sex, LOS > 8 days, inpatient Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) and initial Braden scale were predictive of rehabilitation placement.ConclusionA marker of frailty routinely collected daily by nursing staff, the Braden scale, is available to help surgeons predict the need for postoperative rehabilitation placement after pancreatic resection. Engaging discharge planning services for at-risk patients may help prevent delayed hospital discharge and should be further evaluated.