手掌压砸伤术后尺偏手畸形的病因及治疗

目的 探讨手掌压砸伤术后"尺偏手"畸形的形成原因和治疗方法.方法 对40具手标本通过测量各指指背腱膜相对于指骨的位置、手内在肌的重量及生理横切面积,为明确临床"尺偏手"畸形的病因提供解剖学研究基础.2007年3月至2010年2月,对6例严重手压砸伤造成术后"尺偏手"畸形的患者进行手内在肌功能重建术.结果 解剖学研究发现指背腱膜及伸肌腱有将掌指关节拉向尺侧的作用力,而手内在肌则与之对抗,形成向桡侧的作用力.在正常手中,这两种作用力是平衡的;而在压砸伤术后手内在肌缺损的情况下,就失去了向桡侧的作用力,导致了临床中常见的"尺偏手"畸形.6例"尺偏手"畸形手内在肌功能重建术后随访时间平均8.5个月,尺偏得到较好的纠正,拇对指功能得到明显改善.结论 严重手掌压砸伤术后因手内在肌缺损导致肌力失衡引起"尺偏手"畸形,应在急诊手术中尽量保留手内在肌的连续性并修复断裂的手内在肌;对已经形成的"尺偏手"畸形,需行手内在肌重建术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the cause and management of ulnar club-hand secondary to crush injury of the palm. Methods Forty eadaver hands were dissected to measure the relative position between extensor aponeurosis and phalanges, the weight and cross-sectional area of intrinsic muscles to provide anatomical basis of the causes of ulnar club-hand. From March 2007 to February 2010, six patients with ulnar club-hand secondary to severe crush injury underwent intrinsic muscle reconstruction. The causes of ulnar club-hand were investigated in these cases. Results Anatomical dissection revealed that the extensor aponeurosis and extensor tendon of the finger tend to deviate the metacarpophalangeal joint ulnarly, while the intrinsic muscles work antagonistically to pull the joint radially. In the normal hand, these two kinds of acting forces are balanced. In the absence of intrinsic muscles after severe crush injury of the hand, this balance is broken, and the hand tends to deviate ulnarly. Intrinsic muscle reconstruction in six patients with ulnar club-hand secondary to palm crush injury restored the balance and corrected the ulnar deviation deformity after 8.5 months follow-up. Thumb opposition was also improved. Conclusion The absence of hand intrinsic muscles was the main cause of ulnar club-hand in severe crush injury. In the emergency operation, ruptured intrinsic muscles should be repaired whenever possible to prevent ulnar club-hand. For established ulnar club-hand, intrinsic muscle reconstruction should be done to correct the deformity.     

辐照灭菌对大鼠骨生物力学的影响

背景：辐照对骨移植材料生物力学性能的影响及多大灭菌剂量有影响还不明确。 目的：探讨不同剂量gamma射线辐照对大鼠骨生物力学的影响及干冰低温和自由基清除剂-硫脲的保护作用。 设计、时间及地点：随机同期对照动物体外实验,于2006-12/2008-01在南方医科大学医用生物力学实验室完成。 材料：35只2月龄雄性Wistar大鼠。硫脲由天津市科密欧化学试剂开发中心提供。 方法：取大鼠股骨剔除所有软组织后,分成7组,每组10根股骨,即：未辐照组、接受15 kGy辐照组、接受20 kGy辐照组、接受25 kGy辐照组、在干冰保护下接受25 kGy辐照组、经硫脲处理后接受25 kGy辐照组、接受50 kGy辐照组。gamma射线照射在华南农业大学60Co辐照中心进行。 主要观察指标：辐照后每组取8根股骨进行扭转试验的生物力学测试。 结果：15,20 kGy辐照组与未辐照组扭转试验的生物力学测试最大转矩、扭角和剪切弹性模量结果相近,差异无显著性意义。接受25,50 kGy辐照组抗扭转能力明显低于未辐照组(P < 0.05),接受25 kGy辐照组抗扭转能力明显高于50 kGy辐照组(P < 0.05),接受25 kGy辐照组抗扭转能力明显低于干冰保护下接受25 kGy辐照组和经硫脲处理后接受25 kGy辐照组(P < 0.05),干冰保护下接受25 kGy辐照组和经硫脲处理后接受25 kGy辐照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：gamma射线辐照对骨生物力学特性的影响有剂量依赖性,15,20 kGy剂量辐照对骨生物力学特性无影响,达到25 kGy辐照时开始有一定影响,辐照50 kGy时有明显影响;在辐照过程中,干冰低温和自由基清除剂-硫脲对骨生物力学特性具有保护作用。作者认为20 kGy是同种异体骨辐照灭菌的适合剂量,在辐照过程加以使用干冰和硫脲有利于对骨生物力学的保护。     

双前臂残端断指异位再植重建部分手功能一例

患者男,18岁,工人.因机器压伤致双前臂远端、腕掌部毁损伤1 h入院.检查:双前臂远端、腕掌部及双拇指、示指近节皮肤软组织严重挫伤碎裂,桡、尺骨远端、腕掌骨及拇指指骨均呈粉碎开放性骨折脱位,双侧中、环、小指相对完好但无血运,其中右环、小指指蹼尚完整,右小指掌尺侧有一宽约1.5cm 皮肤软组织与前臂相连(图1,2).     

掌板关节囊松解术治疗压砸伤术后掌指关节屈曲障碍

目的 探讨应用掌板关节囊松解术治疗手掌严重压砸伤造成的掌指关节屈曲障碍.方法 2005年9月-2008年6月,应用掌板关节囊松解术治疗8例严重压砸伤术后掌指关节被动屈曲障碍的患者,并进行随访,结合蜡疗及功能锻炼观察掌指关节屈曲功能的恢复情况.结果 8例患者均为第3掌指关节被动屈曲障碍,术后关节屈曲功能均获明显改善.屈曲失能角度(F)减小,达到0°～30°;失能值降低,达到0%～18%.结论 应用掌板关节囊松解术治疗手掌严重压砸伤造成的掌指关节屈曲障碍,是一种操作简便、疗效可靠的良好方法.     

掌板关节囊松解术治疗压砸伤术后掌指关节屈曲障碍

Objective To discuss the application of volar plate joint capsule release to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury to the palm. Methods From September 2005 to June 2008, 8 cases with post-traumatic metacarpophalangcal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury was treated with volar plate joint capsule release. Postoperatively the patients underwent keritherapy and functional exercise. They were followed up to evaluate recovery of metacarpopha]angeal joint flexion. Results All 8 patients had metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture of the middle finger. The joint flexion function was improved remarkably after the surgery. The joint movement limitation decreased to 0° to30°and the functional impairment reduced to 0% to 18%. Conclusion V olar plate joint capsule release is an excenent method to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion eontraeture caused by severe palm crush injuiy. It is easy to operate and leads to reliable results.     

FK506对许旺细胞体外增殖和分泌NGF的影响

目的 研究FK506促进许旺细胞体外增殖及对许旺细胞(SOs)分泌NGF的影响. 方法 将纯化的许旺细胞分6组:A组(空白对照组):含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12;B组:0.1 ng/mlFK506;C组:0.5 ng/ml FK506;D组:1.0 ng/ml FK506;E组:5.0 ng/mk FK506;F组:10 ng/ml FK506.将许旺细胞于倒置显微镜下观察并用S-100蛋白免疫组化染色鉴定;MTT法筛选FK506促SCs增殖的最佳作用浓度;流式细胞仪检测SCs周期;ELISA法检测培养72 h后SCs的NGF的分泌量. 结果 MTT法筛选:0.5 ng/ml FK506为促进SCs增殖的最佳作用浓度;当FK506浓度大于1.0 ng/ml时,SCs的生长活性逐渐下降并随着FK506浓度的逐渐增高,SCs的生长活性受抑制作用逐渐加强.流式细胞仪检测:含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养24 h、48 h、72 h,SCs S期百分比分别为:27.8%,39.3%和58.4%;0.5 ng/mlFK506培养24 h、48 h、72 h,SCs S期百分比分别为:54.2%、60.3%和94.6%.EUSA法检测FK506促SCs增殖后表达NGF的实验研究中发现:0.5 ng/ml FK506作用72 h后的SCs所分泌的NGF高达0.188 ng/ml. 结论 FK506应用于体外培养的SCs初期就能促进SCs增殖并使其保持良好的活性而高分泌NGF.     

前臂缺血性肌挛缩的早期外科治疗远期随访分析

目的 探讨前臂缺血性肌挛缩早期显微外科治疗的临床意义及治疗效果。方法 应用显微外科技术早期为28例1病程为1．5～9个月的前臂缺血性肌挛缩患者行神经、肌腱松解术。结果 术后2～15年系统随访，其优良率为82％。手的外形及运动和感觉功能得到了良好的恢复。结论 前臂缺血性肌挛缩早期显微外科治疗是可行性。     

掌板关节囊松解术治疗压砸伤术后掌指关节屈曲障碍

Objective To discuss the application of volar plate joint capsule release to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury to the palm. Methods From September 2005 to June 2008, 8 cases with post-traumatic metacarpophalangcal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury was treated with volar plate joint capsule release. Postoperatively the patients underwent keritherapy and functional exercise. They were followed up to evaluate recovery of metacarpopha]angeal joint flexion. Results All 8 patients had metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture of the middle finger. The joint flexion function was improved remarkably after the surgery. The joint movement limitation decreased to 0° to30°and the functional impairment reduced to 0% to 18%. Conclusion V olar plate joint capsule release is an excenent method to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion eontraeture caused by severe palm crush injuiy. It is easy to operate and leads to reliable results.     

掌板关节囊松解术治疗压砸伤术后掌指关节屈曲障碍

Objective To discuss the application of volar plate joint capsule release to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury to the palm. Methods From September 2005 to June 2008, 8 cases with post-traumatic metacarpophalangcal joint flexion contracture caused by severe crush injury was treated with volar plate joint capsule release. Postoperatively the patients underwent keritherapy and functional exercise. They were followed up to evaluate recovery of metacarpopha]angeal joint flexion. Results All 8 patients had metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture of the middle finger. The joint flexion function was improved remarkably after the surgery. The joint movement limitation decreased to 0° to30°and the functional impairment reduced to 0% to 18%. Conclusion V olar plate joint capsule release is an excenent method to treat metacarpophalangeal joint flexion eontraeture caused by severe palm crush injuiy. It is easy to operate and leads to reliable results.     

指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。