恢复体验类型在调节紧张相关健康状况的作用分析

目的评价不同恢复体验类型(RE)的护士群体职业紧张、身心健康、职业生命质量的差异,分析评价恢复体验类型在调节紧张相关健康状况的作用。方法对某市7家三甲医院298名在岗护士,以单纯随机抽样的方法抽取研究样本,采用工作内容问卷(JCQ)测量职业紧张、中文版恢复体验问卷(REQ-C)测量恢复体验水平、聚类分析方法区分恢复体验类型、职业生命质量问卷(QWL7-32)测量紧张相关健康状态。结果聚类分析将298名护士分为充分型、中间型和缺乏型三种RE类型;三种类型的护士心理健康和职业生命质量得分存在差异(P0.01)。不同RE类型的对象,其心理健康与职业生命质量水平随紧张水平变化的趋势不同;因变量为心理健康得分的多元线性回归分析中,结果显示相对于缺乏型来说,充分型的β值为-2.48(P0.05),RE类型为心理健康的独立影响因素。结论不同恢复体验类型对心理健康、职业生命质量的调节作用存在差异。     

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Oral opportunistic infections developing secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported from the early days of the epidemic and have been classified by both the EC-Clearinghouse and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Among the fungal infections, oral candidiasis, presenting in African HIV-infected patients has been sporadically documented. We review the literature with respect to candidal carriage, oral candidiasis prevalence and the predictive value of oral candidiasis for a diagnosis of underlying HIV disease in African HIV-infected patients. The use of oral candidiasis as a marker of disease progression, the species of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity in Africa and the resistance of the yeasts to antifungal agents and treatment regimens are discussed. Orofacial lesions as manifestations of the systemic mycoses are rarely seen in isolation and few cases are reported in the literature from Africa. In spite of the high incidence of noma, tuberculosis, chronic osteomyelitis and syphilis in Africa, surprisingly there have been very few reported cases of the oral manifestations of these diseases in HIV-positive individuals. Orofacial disease in HIV-infected patients is associated with marked morbidity, which is compounded by malnutrition. The authors indicate specific research areas, initially directed at the most effective management strategies, which would complete data in this important area.     

术前血糖水平对糖尿病患者行输尿管软镜碎石术后发生感染相关并发症的影响

观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者行输尿管软镜碎石术（FURL）后出现感染相关并发症的影响因素,探讨T2DM患者术前血糖水平与发生术后感染相关并发症的关系,为T2DM患者在接受FULR术后发生感染相关并发症的早期预防及治疗提供参考。     

孟根乌森乌日乐对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的：了解孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性作用剂量及给药后的急性毒性反应和死亡分布情况,确定孟根乌森乌日乐的半数致死量（ LD50）。方法用孔氏综合法（改进寇氏法）分为14．30,9．28,6．04,3．92,2．55,1．66 g? kg－16个剂量组,以0．4 mL／10 g的量灌胃给药1次。实验后观察14 d,记录体重变化及不良反应情况。结果孟根乌森乌日乐小鼠半数致死量为5．1597 g? kg－1（95％CI：3．6652～7．2637 g? kg－1）。14 d内未出现明显不良反应症状且体重有增长趋势。结论孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性实验的半数致死量为临床用药量的100倍,提示单次口服较为安全。     

Adherence of fresh and stored granulocytes to endothelial cells. Effect of storage temperature

Granulocyte (PMN) concentrates collected for transfusion to septic, neutropenic patients are stored in the blood bank for various periods of time before they are given. Current methods of blood bank storage of PMN concentrates are associated with impaired in vitro PMN chemotaxis (CTX) and in vivo recovery and circulation kinetics after 24 hours of storage. This suggested the possibility that PMN may become hyperadherent during storage. To test this hypothesis, PMN concentrates were harvested and stored at both 22 and 6 degrees C and their adherence properties to relevant biologic surfaces, endothelial cell (EC) monolayers, and extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from endothelium were measured. Adherence was measured within 4 hours of collection and after 24 and 48 hours of storage. The aggregation properties of fresh and stored PMN were also studied. The adherence of fresh, unstimulated PMN to EC and ECM (31 +/- 5% and 34 +/- 4%, respectively) increased significantly after storage for 24 hours (EC = 41 +/- 8%; ECM = 43 +/- 4%) at 22 degrees C. F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulated the adherence of fresh PMN (EC = 37 +/- 4%; ECM = 42 +/- 4%; p less than 0.05). The adherence of PMN stored at 22 degrees C was further stimulated by FMLP (EC = 46 +/- 6%; ECM = 50 +/- 4%). PMN stored at 6 degrees C had significantly higher adherence than PMN stored at 22 degrees C, and the percentage of increase in adherence induced by FMLP was attenuated in PMN stored at 6 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inflammatory demyelination in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica

The progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques in the brain is a common hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We recently identified a novel species of Aβ phosphorylated at serine residue 8 with increased propensity to form toxic aggregates as compared to non-phosphorylated species. The age-dependent analysis of Aβ depositions using novel monoclonal phosphorylation-state specific antibodies revealed that phosphorylated Aβ variants accumulate first inside of neurons in a mouse model of AD already at 2 month of age. At higher ages, phosphorylated Aβ is also abundantly detected in extracellular plaques. Besides a large overlap in the spatiotemporal deposition of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated Aβ species, fractionized extraction of Aβ from brains revealed an increased accumulation of phosphorylated Aβ in oligomeric assemblies as compared to non-phosphorylated Aβ in vivo. Thus, phosphorylated Aβ could represent an important species in the formation and stabilization of neurotoxic aggregates, and might be targeted for AD therapy and diagnosis.     

榴莲的药用价值及综合开发利用

榴莲气味独特,营养丰富,被誉为"水果之王"。本文对榴莲国内外研究文献进行查阅整理,对其化学成分、药用价值及综合利用情况进行了归纳总结,为榴莲的深入研究及进一步开展综合开发利用提供资料参考。     

Sensitive skin evaluation in the Japanese population

Sensitive skin syndrome was first described in 1977; however, no robust study has been carried out to evaluate its prevalence in Japan. A national representative sample of the Japanese population over the age of 18 years was taken. Individuals were questioned by telephone and selected according to the quota method. When asked “Do you have a sensitive skin?”, 52.84% of men and 55.98% of women answered “rather sensitive” or “very sensitive”. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) between the two sexes. The non‐response rate among respondents was zero, suggesting that the term “sensitive skin” held a meaning for the majority of the population. Concerning questions about the onset of a rash, tingling or irritation in the presence of various factors, such as emotional issues, cold, heat, sun, dry air, air‐conditioning, water, air pollution and temperature variations, respondents with rather sensitive or very sensitive skin responded “yes” more often than others: approximately three‐times more often for water (18.97%/6.15%), air pollution (39.29%/12.45%) and warm climatic conditions (29.74%/9.8%). To our knowledge, this epidemiological study is the first to focus on sensitive skin among Japanese people of this century. It is of particular interest for two reasons: (i) it was conducted on a representative sample of the Japanese population; and (ii) the methodology used was identical to that used for sensitive skin assessment studies conducted in Europe and the USA, making it possible to draw certain comparisons.     

Clinical measurement of swallowing in health and in neurogenic dysphagia

We studied clinical features potentially related to dysphagia and three indices from a timed test of swallowing--average volume per swallow (ml), average time (s) per swallow and swallowing capacity (ml/s)--in 181 screened healthy adults and 30 patients with motor neurone disease (MND). In healthy adults, age, sex and height accounted for 44.3% and 55.6% of the variance of log average volume per swallow and log swallowing capacity, respectively. Symptoms and signs were more prevalent in the MND group and were associated with reduced swallowing capacity and reduced average volume per swallow; repeatability studies on these two indices in both groups showed that the median difference between the mean of two recordings on successive days and the mean of all recordings (6-15 over 3 days) was < 5% (maximum third quartile 12.8%, indices expressed as percent predicted according to age and sex). Using this simple bedside test, swallowing function can be quantified on a ratio scale and expressed as percent of that predicted by age and sex; such information may improve the predictive value of clinical assessment and provides a practical way of monitoring change in patients with dysphagia.