ABSTRACTWe compare the discourses on obesity found in early- and mid-twentieth century Mexican public discourse with those of Mexican geneticists and doctors today. We argue that postgenomic shifts towards non-determinism, apparently contained in current openness to epigenetics, need to be considered alongside the persistence of racialized genetic determinisms, and alongside the potential for epigenetic environmental determinisms. By exploring the environmentalist explanations of earlier eugenic thinking about obesity, we trace continuities in the gendered and racialized framings of obesity, which risk stigmatizing indigenous ancestry and attributing blame to individual mothers. 相似文献
Optimistic predictions that genetic and genomic testing will provide health benefits have been tempered by the concern that individuals who receive their results may experience negative psychosocial outcomes. This potential ethical and clinical concern has prompted extensive conversations between policy‐makers, health researchers, ethicists, and the general public. Fortunately, the psychosocial consequences of such testing are subject to empirical investigation, and over the past quarter century, research that clarifies some of the types, likelihood, and severity of potential harms from learning the results of the testing has accumulated. I aim to provide an overview of the findings of this research by looking at selected systematic reviews. This will convey the gist of the literature’s quality and coverage, reveal gaps in existing knowledge, and highlight promising areas for future scholarship.相似文献
The SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the potential mental health impact on frontline clinical staff. However, given that poor mental health is common in acute medical staff, we aimed to estimate the additional burden of work involving high exposure to infected patients.
Methods
We report a rapid review, meta-analysis, and living meta-analysis of studies using validated measures from outbreaks of COVID-19, Ebola, H1N1 influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
Results
A random effects meta-analysis found that high-exposure work is not associated with an increased prevalence of above cut-off scoring (anxiety: RR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.87–1.93, Total N = 12,473; PTSD symptoms: RR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.75–1.78, Total N = 6604; depression: RR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.57–3.95, Total N = 12,224). For continuous scoring, high-exposure work was associated with only a small additional burden of acute mental health problems compared to low-exposure work (anxiety: SMD = 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–0.31, Total N = 6493; PTSD symptoms: SMD = 0.20, 95% CI 0.01–0.40, Total N = 5122; depression: SMD = 0.13, 95% CI -0.04–0.31, Total N = 4022). There was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusion
Although epidemic and pandemic response work may add only a small additional burden, improving mental health through service management and provision of mental health services should be a priority given that baseline rates of poor mental health are already very high. As new studies emerge, they are being added to a living meta-analysis where all analysis code and data have been made freely available: https://osf.io/zs7ne/.
Cancer registry data collection involves, at a minimum, collecting data on
demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment. A common, identified, and
standardized set of data elements is needed to share data quickly and
efficiently with consumers of this data. This project highlights the fact that,
there is a need to develop common data elements; Surveys were developed for
central cancer registries (CCRs) and cancer researchers (CRs) at NCI-designated
Cancer Centers, in order to understand data needs. Survey questions were
developed based on the project focus, an evaluation of the research registries
and database responses, and systematic review of the literature. Questions
covered the following topics: 1) Research, 2) Data collection, 3) Database/
repository, 4) Use of data, 5) Additional data items, 6) Data requests, 7) New
data fields, and 8) Cancer registry data set. A review of the surveys indicates
that all cancer registries’ data are used for public health surveillance,
and 96% of the registries indicate the data are also used for research. Data are
available online in interactive tables from over 50% of CRs and 87% of CCRs.
Some other survey responses indicate that CCR treatment data are not complete
for example treatment data, however cancer researchers are interested in
treatment variables from CCRs. Cancer registries have many data available for
review, but need to examine what data are needed and used by different entities.
Cancer Registries can further enhance usage through collaborations and
partnerships to connect common interests in the data by making registries
visible and accessible. 相似文献