Entscheidungshilfe zur Patientenzuweisung bei Verdacht auf COVID-19

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin - Während einer Pandemielage sind Patienten mit Verdacht auf COVID-19 auch im Rahmen von Rettungsdienstalarmierungen zu versorgen. Um ein adäquates Vorgehen zu...     

Low colectomy rate five years after diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Results from a prospective population-based cohort in Sweden (ICURE) diagnosed during 2005–2009*

Objective: The medical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) has seen a change towards a more active attitude during recent years, including both the use of more traditional drugs as well as new biological substances. In this epidemiological study we have evaluated the results of modern treatment of UC in a population-based cohort of patients including all age groups, with regard to relapse rate, colectomy and IBD-associated mortality.

Material and methods: Patients diagnosed with UC in the Uppsala health care region in the middle of Sweden during 2005–2009 were included in the study. Out of 524 patients, 491 (93%) could be followed for five full years or until death.

Results: Nineteen patients (3.9%) had died and two of these deaths could be attributed to UC (one postoperative death and one colonic carcinoma). The following drugs were used by the patients during the study period: 5-ASA (91%), systemic steroids (66%), immunomodulators (IMM), mainly thiopurines (26%) and anti-TNF (11%). During the observation period, 74% experienced at least one relapse and 5.3% were subjected to colectomy. Among patients?<17 years at diagnosis, colectomy was performed in two (4.8%).

Conclusions: Five years after diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, 5.3% had been subjected to colectomy and two patients (0.38%) had died because of the disease.     

Maternal risk factors in the origin of isolated hypospadias: A population‐based case‐control study

The birth prevalence of hypospadias increased in Hungary during the last decades, thus the aim of this study was to analyze the possible role of maternal risk factors in the origin of isolated hypospadias (IHS). The incidence/prevalence of acute and chronic maternal diseases with related drug treatments were compared in the mothers of cases with IHS, population controls without defect and malformed controls affected with other isolated abnormalities in the population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities including 3038 cases with IHS, 24 814 population male controls without any defects and 11 096 malformed male controls with other isolated defect. Among exposures, prospective medically recorded chronic diseases and medically recorded or retrospective maternal information regarding acute diseases and drug treatments were evaluated in the study groups. Maternal epilepsy due to the treatment of valproate (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.97, 1.07–3.61) and cervical erosion (4.09, 1.84–9.12) were associated with a higher risk of IHS. In addition, there was an association of oral nystatin (1.94, 1.22–3.09), lynestrenol (26.66, 8.69–81.80) and ethynilestradiol (3.51, 1.61–7.67) treatments in the mothers of cases with a higher risk for IHS. In conclusion, maternal cervical erosion, valproate, nystatin, lynestrenol and ethynilestradiol associated with a higher risk for IHS.     

Dentofacial characteristics of Chinese obstructive sleep apnea patients in relation to obesity and severity

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dentofacial characteristics in relation to obesity and degree of severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in male Chinese patients and to elucidate the relationship between demographic parameters (age, body weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]) cephalometric parameters and OSA in these subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 121 Chinese male patients in natural head posture were obtained. Based on BMI value, the patients were divided into three groups. Based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value, the patients were divided into a mild-to-moderate and a severe group. RESULTS: The hyoid position and soft palate length were significantly different among the three obesity groups. Soft palate length was significantly longer (P < .01) in the severe OSA group than in the mild-to-moderate OSA group. Tongue base was significantly more inferiorly placed (P < .05) in the severe OSA group than in the mild-to-moderate OSA group. Craniocervical extension was significantly increased (P < .05) in the severe OSA group. Statistically significant differences were found among the three obesity groups in mandibular length, mandibular body length, maxillary length, anterior cranial base length, and overbite. The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified body weight, lower posterior facial height, mandibular body length, craniocervical extension, and sella-hyoid distance as the significant predictive variables for AHI. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the existence of craniofacial and upper airway soft tissue differences in relation to obesity and severity of OSA among male Chinese OSA patients. Body weight and certain cephalometric parameters were significant predictors of OSA in Chinese male subjects.     

Prunus mume extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 299–305 Objectives. Prunus mume is a common fruit in Asia, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we focused on the antimicrobial properties of Prunus mume extract against oral pathogens related to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Study design. A total of 15 oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, P. gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida species were included in the study. Initially, agar diffusion assay was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities of Prunus mume extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were then determined for sensitive species. Effect of Prunus mume extract on human oral keratinocytes (HOK) viability was also tested. Result. In the agar diffusion assay, drug suspension of 2 g/mL was able to inhibit all the bacterial species tested, but not the fungal species. MIC and MBC range of Prunus mume extract against the oral bacteria was 0.15625–0.0003 g/mL and P. gingivalis being the most susceptible species. Prune extract did not cause any detrimental effect on HOK. Conclusion. Prunus mume extract may be a potential candidate for developing an oral antimicrobial agent to control or prevent dental diseases associated with oral pathogenic bacteria.     

Residual monomer of reline acrylic resins. Effect of water-bath and microwave post-polymerization treatments.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the residual monomer (RM) in four hard chair-side reline resins (Duraliner II-D, Kooliner-K, Tokuso Rebase Fast-TRF and Ufi Gel hard-UGH) and one heat-polymerized denture base resin (Lucitone 550-L), which was processed using two polymerization cycles (short-LS and long-LL). It was also investigated the effect of two after polymerization treatments on this RM content. METHODS: Specimens (n=18) of each material were produced following the manufacturers' instructions and then divided into three groups. Group I specimens were left untreated (GI-control). Specimens of group II (GII) were given post-polymerization treatment by microwave irradiation. In group III (GIII), specimens were submitted to immersion in water at 55 degrees C (reline resins-10 min; denture base resin L-60 min). The RM was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and expressed as a percentage of RM. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Comparing control specimens, statistical differences were found among all materials (p<0.05), and the results can be arranged as K (1.52%)>D (0.85%)>UGH (0.45%)>LL (0.24%)>TRF (0.14%)>LS (0.08%). Immersion in hot water (GIII) promoted a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the RM for all materials evaluated compared to control (GI), with the exception of LL specimens. Materials K, UGH and TRF exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower values of RM after microwave irradiation (GII) than in the control specimens. SIGNIFICANCE: The reduction in RM promoted by water-bath and microwave post-polymerization treatments could improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the relining and denture base materials.     

In vivo biocompatibility of an interim denture resilient liner containing antifungal drugs

Statement of problem

Antifungal agents incorporated into interim denture resilient liners have been suggested as an adjunct treatment for denture stomatitis (DS). However, before applying this protocol to humans, biocompatibility analysis of such drugs in animal models is required.

Chinese norms of McNamara's cephalometric analysis

OBJECTIVE: To establish cephalometric norms of McNamara's analysis in young Chinese and compare them to those of a matched young Caucasian sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs of a random sample of 200 male and 205 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children, and an additional sample of 43 male and 43 female 12-year-old British Caucasian children in Hong Kong. The radiographs were digitized twice with the CASSOS program. RESULTS: The results showed that there were statistically significant gender differences for six out of the 11 cephalometric variables in the Chinese, but for only one variable in the Caucasians. The size of the statistically significant gender differences varied from -0.3 to 0.4 on SD scores. There were statistically significant ethnic differences for eight variables in males and seven variables in females. The size of the observed statistically significant ethnic differences varied from -1.8 to 1.6 on SD scores. CONCLUSION: The use of specific standards for Chinese, separate for gender, for McNamara's cephalometric analysis seems to be justified.