Sinusoidales Obstruktionssyndrom und venookklusive Lebererkrankung – Diagnose und Therapiemöglichkeiten

Die Gastroenterologie - Das sinusoidale Obstruktionssyndrom (SOS), auch als ?veno-occlusive disease“ (VOD) bezeichnet, ist eine seltene, potenziell letal verlaufende...     

South African abortion attitudes from 2007-2016: the roles of religiosity and attitudes toward sexuality and gender equality

ABSTRACT

Abortion is legal in South Africa, but negative abortion attitudes remain common and are poorly understood. We used nationally representative South African Social Attitudes Survey data to analyze abortion attitudes in the case of fetal anomaly and in the case of poverty from 2007 to 2016 (n = 20,711; ages = 16+). We measured correlations between abortion attitudes and these important predictors: religiosity, attitudes about premarital sex, attitudes about preferential hiring and promotion of women, and attitudes toward family gender roles. Abortion acceptability for poverty increased over time (b = 0.05, p < .001), but not for fetal anomaly (b = ?0.008, p = .284). Highly religious South Africans reported lower abortion acceptability in both cases (Odds Ratio (OR)_anomaly = 0.85, p = .015; OR_poverty = 0.84, p = .02). Premarital sex acceptability strongly and positively predicted abortion acceptability (OR_anomaly = 2.63, p < .001; OR_poverty = 2.46, p < .001). Attitudes about preferential hiring and promotion of women were not associated with abortion attitudes, but favorable attitudes about working mothers were positively associated with abortion acceptability for fetal anomaly ((OR_anomaly = 1.09, p = .01; OR_poverty = 1.02, p = .641)). Results suggest negative abortion attitudes remain common in South Africa and are closely tied to religiosity, traditional ideologies about sexuality, and gender role expectations about motherhood.     

Patient Characteristics as Indicator for Care Dependence after Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health Insurance Claims Data From Germany

Objectives

Hip fractures are common consequences of falls in older adults and, among other negative health outcomes, often lead to care dependence in the long term. Until 2016, the German long-term care insurance classified care recipients according to a standardized classification system consisting of 3 care levels. It was based on required assistance in performing activities of daily living and assessed by a qualified physician or nurse. Thus, care level reflects the degree of care dependence. The aim of this study was to determine relevant patient characteristics, which are related to the likelihood of increasing care dependence in terms of worsening care level after hip fracture.

Outcomes improved with human milk intake in preterm and full-term infants

This review highlights clinical outcomes of human milk from infancy through adulthood. Human milk outcomes of both preterm and term infants, including critically ill term infants (such as infants with congenital heart disease and those requiring therapeutic hypothermia) are summarized. Several human milk diets are identified to reduce the risk of specific diseases. Emerging research of newly discovered components of human milk are also reviewed. Human milk has significant effects on the gut microbiome, somatic growth, and neurocognitive outcomes. Continued research promises to improve donor human milk and donor milk derived products to achieve better outcomes for infants who do not receive their own mother's milk. The promotion of human milk is well-founded on evidence from the previous half century.     

Validity of Three Brief Health Literacy Screeners to Measure Functional Health Literacy – Evidence from Five Different Countries

Self-reported health literacy measures have seen increased application throughout the last years, among those are the brief health literacy screeners (BHLS) developed by Chew and colleagues (2004). There has been little systematic research on the performance of these measures across different contexts, including countries and languages, to draw conclusions about their predictive power outside of the United States.

This study aimed at replicating the original validation of the BHLS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to data from Hungary, Italy, Lebanon, Switzerland, and Turkey. In addition, logistic regression models incorporating ROC analysis using BHLS as predictors were compared to models using socio-demographics only to identify individuals with inadequate and inadequate or marginal health literacy as measured with the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.

Analyses showed that in all cases the BHLS were not sufficiently able to identify individuals with different health literacy levels. Logistic regression models using socio-demographics only as predictors outperformed models using the BHLS.

The findings highlight the limitations of using the BHLS outside the United States. Further, they question in how far self-reported health literacy measures are comparable across different contexts and whether thresholds for different health literacy levels are universally applicable.