Induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling,cell therapy and drug discovery in genetic autonomic disorders: a review

Clinical Autonomic Research - The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates all organs in the body independent of consciousness, and is thus essential for maintaining homeostasis of the entire...     

Course of changes in salivary pH-values after intake of different beverages in young children

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine possible differences in decrease of pH-values of whole saliva, following the intake of different beverages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve boys and 13 girls (4.9 +/- 0.9 years old) participated in this study. A dental examination was performed (dmft). Orange juice (pH = 3.67), instant fennel tea (pH = 7.38), whole milk (pH = 6.84) and mineral water (pH = 5.88) were tested. All beverages were given at the same time of day. Salivary pH and buffering capacities of the beverages were determined with a portable pH-meter. Immediately after intake of a beverage, and 5, 10, 15 and 25 minutes later, whole saliva was collected, and the pH-value was measured again. The statistical evaluation was performed using the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. RESULTS: Fifteen children had healthy dentitions. Ten subjects had a mean dmft of 1.1 +/- 2.3. The mean base salivary pH was 7.09 +/- 0.07, without differences between the children with and without dental decay. Mineral water led over the whole period of measurements to a significant rise in salivary pH (P < 0.05). Orange juice caused a significant reduction in the salivary pH during the first 10 minutes. After intake of instant tea or milk, significant reductions were found in the period of 5 to 10 minutes. After the intake of instant tea, the reduction was still significant after 15 minutes. During the period of 5 to 10 minutes, the change in pH (deltapH) in whole saliva differed significantly only between consumption of mineral water and other beverages (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: With regard to dental health, a regular consumption of orange juice or sweetened instant teas should be discouraged.     

25 Jahre Notfall+Rettungsmedizin – reine Männersache?

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin -     

MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures in Degenerative Rotator Cuff Pathologies

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators orchestrating a wide range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. However, the role of miRNAs in degenerative shoulder joint disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this explorative case-control study was to identify pathology-related, circulating miRNAs in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCT). In 2017, 15 patients were prospectively enrolled and assigned to three groups based on the diagnosed pathology: (i) no shoulder pathology, (ii) chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy, and (iii) degenerative RCTs. In total, 14 patients were included. Venous blood samples (“liquid biopsies”) were collected from each patient and serum levels of 187 miRNAs were determined. Subsequently, the change in expression of nine candidate miRNAs was verified in tendon biopsy samples, collected from patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery between 2015 and 2018. Overall, we identified several miRNAs to be progressively deregulated in sera from patients with either chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy or degenerative RCTs. Importantly, for the several of these miRNAs candidates repression was also evident in tendon biopsies harvested from patients who were treated for a supraspinatus tendon tear. As similar expression profiles were determined for tendon samples, the newly identified systemic miRNA signature has potential as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for degenerative rotator cuff pathologies. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research^® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. Inc. J Orthop Res 38:202–211, 2020