Utility of rotational thromboelastometry in total hip replacement revision surgery (case-control study)

Total hip replacement revision surgery is accompanied by significant blood loss. Using rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) perioperatively to diagnose coagulopathy may help to provide rapid aimed therapy and thus decrease blood loss and the consumption of transfusion products. The aim of this case-control study was to find out whether point of care using of ROTEM may reduce blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products in hip replacement revision surgery.Data were prospectively collected from patients who underwent hip replacement revision surgery in the period 2017 to 2018 when the management of bleeding and coagulopathy was based on the results of ROTEM. Data were compared with a group of historical controls for the period 2015 to 2016 when bleeding and coagulopathy management was not based on ROTEM results. The consumption of blood transfusion products and perioperative blood loss were compared between the groups.The total number of analyzed patients was 90. Forty five patients were analyzed in the ROTEM group and the same number of patients were analyzed in the non-ROTEM group. Significantly decreased perioperative consumption of fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells was found in the ROTEM, as well as decreased perioperative blood loss comparing to non-ROTEM group. All data were statistically different with P < .05.Perioperative management of bleeding and coagulopathy based on the results of ROTEM during hip replacement revision surgery seems to help to decrease perioperative blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products, especially fresh frozen plasma.     

Plasmafiltration as an effective method in the removal of circulating pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and the reduction of mucocutaneous toxicity during the treatment of advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of double-plasma filtration (PF) to remove the exceeding pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in...     

Pyridostigmine bromide and its relation to Gulf War illness

Abstract

Pyridostigmine bromide acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that is used at relatively high doses in treatment of Myasthenia gravis and in low dose regimens as prophylaxis against nerve agents poisoning during the Gulf War. The manifestation of late nonspecific symptoms commonly called Gulf War illness has led to the discussion about the role of pyridostigmine bromide in the pathogenesis of this illness. In our study, we described plasma absorption profile of pyridostigmine bromide after p.o. administration in rats; subsequently, changes in blood biochemical and oxidative stress markers were measured. Pyridostigmine bromide was applied p.o. at the dose of 5.82?mg/kg b.w. according to the previously published recommendations. The absorption of pyridostigmine was relatively fast; the C_max in plasma was 110.20?±?15.12?ng/ml at T_max of 197.12?±?17.14?min. The bioavailability expressed as AUC_total was 44,348?±?7608?min ng/ml. The prolongation of pyridostigmine in circulation is in agreement with relatively long half-life that was 179.00?±?28.54?min. Several blood biochemical markers were altered, including glucose, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, interleukin-6, triglycerides, and cholesterol. However, the changes could be considered as mild. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and ferric reducing ability of plasma indicate suppression of basal metabolism. The results of blood biochemical and oxidative stress markers imply that long-term use might possibly change the basal metabolism and cause cellular damage with inflammatory changes.     

Bis(2,2′-bipyridil)Copper(II) Chloride Complex: Tyrosinase Biomimetic Catalyst or Redox Mediator?

In this article, construction of amperometric sensor(s) based on screen-printed carbon electrodes covered by thin layers of two types of carbon nanomaterials serving as amplifiers, and containing [Cu(bipy)₂Cl]Cl∙5H₂O complex is reported. Their performance and biomimetic activity towards two selected neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin) was studied mainly using flow injection analysis (FIA). The important parameters of FIA such as working potential, flow rate, and pH were optimized. The mechanism of the catalytic activity is explained and experimentally confirmed. It reveals that presence of hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role which leads to answer the title question: can presented complex really be considered as a tyrosinase biomimetic catalyst or only as a redox mediator?     

Three-dimensional morphology of the palate in subjects with isolated cleft palate at the stage of permanent dentition.

OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional analysis of palate size and shape in patients with isolated cleft palate at the stage of permanent dentition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using Fourier transform profilometry.Subjects: Twenty-nine randomly selected dental casts of approximately 15-year-old boys with isolated cleft palate and 28 dental casts of normal boys of the same age.Interventions: All patients were operated on by the same method (pushback and pharyngeal flap surgery) at a mean age of 4.5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on the palate height in 210 defined locations (pixels). RESULTS: The palate in isolated clefts is narrower throughout its whole extent and lower from the level of the first premolars. The difference, as compared with controls, increases in a posterior direction. At the level of the first molars, palatal height is reduced by one-quarter, the area of the transversal section by more than one-third. The shaping of the palate vault is, on average, symmetrical with a marked interindividual variability. Palatal height does not depend on the width of the dentoalveolar arch, and the height of the primary palate is not reduced. CONCLUSION: The smaller width and reduced height from the level of the first premolars posteriorly confirm the substantially reduced space available for the tongue in patients with isolated cleft palate. Deviations are on the average symmetrical, and the anterior part of the palate is not shallower.     

Grapevine virus T is relatively widespread in Slovakia and Czech Republic and genetically diverse

A recently described putative foveavirus, grapevine virus T (GVT), was detected in a Slovak grapevine accession (SK704) using high-throughput sequencing, prompting further studies. Full-length genome sequence of isolate GVT-SK704 was determined. Analyses revealed 86.1% nucleotide identity with the Italian GVT isolate, currently the only available nearly complete sequence of GVT in GenBank. A virus-specific RT-PCR assay was developed, which enabled a survey of GVT incidence in grapevine samples from Slovakia and Czech Republic. Unexpectedly, GVT was present in ~?30% of tested samples. Analysis of complete CP gene sequences of 20 Slovak and Czech GVT isolates detected in the survey revealed relatively high intra-species variability (up to 11.2% nucleotide divergence), suggesting multiple introductions from different sources, possibly over an extended period of time.     

Early development of the human dentition revisited

In this review, classical data on the early steps in human odontogenesis are summarized and updated with specific insights into the development of the upper and lower embryonic jaws to help in understanding some oral pathologies. The initial step of human odontogenesis is classically characterized by two parallel horseshoe‐shaped epithelial laminae. These originate from the oral epithelium and an ingrowth into the jaw mesenchyme: the internal dental lamina gives rise to deciduous tooth primordia, while the external vestibular lamina represents the developmental base of the oral vestibule. However, a more complex situation was revealed by recent studies combining analyses of the dental and adjacent oral epithelia on histological sections and computer‐aided three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions during the 2nd month of human embryonic development. The dental epithelium forms a mound, where swellings appear later, corresponding to the individual primordia of deciduous teeth. External to the developing deciduous dentition, the 3D reconstructions do not show any continuous vestibular lamina but instead a complex of discontinuous epithelial bulges and ridges. The patterns of these epithelial structures and their relationship to the dental epithelium differ not only between the upper and lower jaws but also between the lip and cheek segments in each jaw. Knowledge of early odontogenesis may help in understanding some oral pathologies. For example, the human lateral incisor has a dual origin: it arises in the area of fusion between the medial nasal and maxillary facial processes and involves material from these two regions. Such a dual origin at the site of fusion of facial processes represents a predisposition to developmental vulnerability for the upper lateral incisor, resulting in its frequent anomalies (absence, hypoplasia, duplication), especially in patients with a cleft lip and/or jaw. Other pathologies, such as a minute supernumerary tooth, desmoplastic ameloblastoma or extraosseous odontogenic cysts are located external to the upper or lower dentition, and might be derived from structures that transiently appear during early development of the oral vestibule in humans.