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1.
The classical anatomist Drew Noden spearheaded craniofacial research, laying the foundation for our modern molecular understanding of development, evolution, and disorders of the craniofacial skeleton. His work revealed the origin of cephalic musculature and the role of cranial neural crest (CNC) in early formation and patterning of the head musculoskeletal structures. Much of modern cranial tendon research advances a foundation of knowledge that Noden built using classical quail-chick transplantation experiments. This elegant avian chimeric system involves grafting of donor quail cells into host chick embryos to identify the cell types they can form and their interactions with the surrounding tissues. In this review, we will give a brief background of vertebrate head formation and the impact of CNC on the patterning, development, and evolution of the head musculoskeletal attachments. Using the zebrafish as a model system, we will discuss examples of modifications of craniofacial structures in evolution with a special focus on the role of tendon and ligaments. Lastly, we will discuss pathologies in craniofacial tendons and the importance of understanding the molecular and cellular dynamics during craniofacial tendon development in human disease.  相似文献   
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Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics - To evaluate knowledge of age-related fertility decline and oocyte cryopreservation among resident physicians in obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn)...  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThe overnight rostral fluid shift from the lower limbs is one of the causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Compression stockings (CS) prevent lower limb fluid retention and have been reported to decrease nighttime fluid shift. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CS on fluid shift and the severity of OSA.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3; Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Studies evaluating the effect of CS on the overnight fluid shift and OSA severity were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 4 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of the overall study group was significantly lower after using CS (SMD, -1.08; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.67). Decreases in the AHI were also observed in the normal fluid status (SMD, -1.05; 95% CI, -1.73 to -0.37) and fluid overload status (SMD, -1.17; 95% CI, -1.76 to -0.58) populations. The overall study group had significant decreases in overnight changes in neck circumference (SMD, -1.05; 95% CI, -2.06 to -0.03) and leg fluid volume (SMD, -1.14; 95% CI, -1.88 to -0.41) after using CS. However, no significant differences in overnight changes in neck circumference and leg fluid volume were observed in normal fluid status patients.ConclusionCS may help decrease overnight fluid shift and could be a treatment option for OSA.  相似文献   
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ObjectiveAssisted oocyte activation combined with ICSI (ICSI-AOA) has been reported to improve fertilization outcomes of couples with oocyte activation deficiency (OAD). Although there's no sufficient evidence to support ICSI-AOA as routine use, it might be beneficial for POSEIDON group 3 patients with suspected oocyte-related OAD.Case reportA 29-year-old female presented with a history of primary infertility for two years. She was classified as a POSEIDON group 3 patient and had a total fertilization failure history. With the help of ICSI-AOA, six oocytes were successfully fertilized. Pregnancy was later confirmed after embryo transfer. A living infant was born after 34 weeks of pregnancy.ConclusionOAD should be taken into consideration for POSEIDON group 3 patients since low Antimüllerian hormone is associated decreased quality. Further research needs to be done to understand the mechanism underlying oocyte-related OAD and the potential role of ICSI-AOA in young patients with suboptimal ovarian response.  相似文献   
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Purpose

Suicide is a leading cause of death in patients with schizophrenia. This nationwide cohort study investigated the incidence of each suicide method in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.

Methods

In total, records of 174,039 patients with schizophrenia were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2001 to 2016. This schizophrenia cohort was linked with the national mortality database, and 26,926 patients died during this follow-up period. Of the deceased, 3033 had died by suicide. Univariate Cox regression was used to estimate the demographic variables associated with suicide. We estimated the difference in the proportion of each suicide method used in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population. The incidence and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of each suicide method were calculated and stratified based on sex.

Results

Patients aged 25–34 years exhibited the highest suicide risk. Compared with the general population, patients with schizophrenia were more likely to commit suicide by jumping and drowning and less likely to use charcoal-burning and hanging. Women showed a higher incidence of suicide by drowning and jumping than did men. Comorbidity with substance use disorders (SUDs) was associated with a high suicide SMR (26.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.4–28.9), particularly for suicide by jumping (61.2, 95% CI = 48.3–76.3).

Conclusions

Patients with schizophrenia had higher suicide rates for all methods than did the general population. Suicide method differed based on sex. Patients with SUDs exhibit a high SMR for each suicide method and warrant intensive clinical attention.

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Lessons Learned
  • SCB01A is a novel microtubule inhibitor with vascular disrupting activity.
  • This first‐in‐human study demonstrated SCB01A safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity.
  • SCB01A is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies with manageable neurotoxicity.
BackgroundSCB01A, a novel microtubule inhibitor, has vascular disrupting activity.MethodsIn this phase I dose‐escalation and extension study, patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous SCB01A infusions for 3 hours once every 21 days. Rapid titration and a 3 + 3 design escalated the dose from 2 mg/m2 to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). SCB01A‐induced cellular neurotoxicity was evaluated in dorsal root ganglion cells. The primary endpoint was MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response were secondary endpoints.ResultsTreatment‐related adverse events included anemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. DLTs included grade 4 elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the 4 mg/m2 cohort; grade 3 gastric hemorrhage in the 6.5 mg/m2 cohort; grade 2 thromboembolic event in the 24 mg/m2 cohort; and grade 3 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, grade 3 elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and grade 3 hypertension in the 32 mg/m2 cohort. The MTD was 24 mg/m2, and average half‐life was ~2.5 hours. The area under the curve‐dose response relationship was linear. Nineteen subjects were stable after two cycles. The longest treatment lasted 24 cycles. SCB01A‐induced neurotoxicity was reversible in vitro.ConclusionThe MTD of SCB01A was 24 mg/m2 every 21 days; it is safe and tolerable in patients with solid tumors.  相似文献   
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