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Espasa M González-Martín J Alcaide F Aragón LM Lonca J Manterola JM Salvadó M Tudó G Orús P Coll P 《The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy》2005,55(6):860-865
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates a method based on real-time PCR for direct detection in clinical samples of the common mutations responsible for isoniazid and rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: Six pairs of fluorogenic 5' exonuclease probes (Taqman), mutated and wild-type, were designed for six targets: codon 315 of katG, substitution C209T in the regulatory region of inhA, and codons 513, 516, 526 and 531 of rpoB. RESULTS: A total of 98 clinical samples harbouring resistant bacilli from 55 patients and 126 samples harbouring susceptible bacilli from 126 patients were processed. The isolates from samples were tested for drug susceptibility with the radiometric method and sequenced for the same genetic targets. Among the samples, 93 harboured isoniazid-resistant bacilli. According to the sequencing results, 30 had mutations in katG, 30 in inhA and 33 (35.4%) had no mutations in these targets. All 27 clinical specimens harbouring rifampicin-resistant bacilli showed mutations in rpoB. The detection threshold of this method in detecting target genes in serial dilutions of artificial samples was 1.5 x 10(3) cfu/mL. In clinical samples, the sensitivity ranged from 30.4 to 35.3% for smear-negative samples and from 95.1 to 99.2% for smear-positive samples, with a specificity of 100%. In this study, the overall sensitivity in detecting patients having the target mutations was 74.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The main advantage of the described method is the possibility of detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance within 48-72 h after sample collection, with a sensitivity of nearly 100% in smear-positive samples if the chosen target is responsible for the resistance. 相似文献
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Serra-Prat Mateu Lorenzo I. Palomera E. Ramírez S. Yébenes J. C. 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2019,23(1):96-101
The journal of nutrition, health & aging - As a person ages, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), muscle mass and muscle strength tend to decline. The decline in ICW may reflect... 相似文献
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Cristina Lalmolda Hector Prados Georgina Mateu Mariona Noray Xavier Pomares Manel Luján 《Archivos de bronconeumologia》2019,55(5):246-251
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess several air-pressure settings for MI–E to determine their effect on peak cough flow (PCF), and to compare the best pressures with those are more common used in the literature (±40 cmH2O) in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD).MethodsAdults with NMD in whom MI–E was indicated were recruited. Assisted PCF was measured by an external pneumotachograph. The protocol included 9 PCF measures per patient: 1 baseline (non-assisted), 4 with increasing inspiratory pressures without negative pressure (10, 20, 30 and 40 cmH2O or maximum tolerated), and then 4 adding expiratory pressures (?10, ?20, ?30 and ?40 cmH2O or maximum tolerated) with maximum inspiratory pressure previously achieved.ResultsTwenty one patients were included, 61% with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mean PCFs with recommended pressures (±40 cmH2O) were lower than the scored in the individualized steps of the titration protocol (197.7 ± 67 l/min vs 214.2 ± 60 l/min, p < 0.05). Regarding subgroups, mean PCFmax values in ALS patients with bulbar symptoms were significantly higher than those achieved with recommended pressures (163.6 ± 80 vs 189 ± 66 l/min, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe PCFmax obtained with the protocol did not always match the recommended settings. It may be advisable to perform MI–E titration assessed by non-invasive PCF monitoring in patients with NMD, especially in ALS with bulbar involvement to improve the therapy detecting airway collapse induced by high pressures. 相似文献
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The associations between psychotic experiences and substance use and substance use disorders: findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys 下载免费PDF全文
Louisa Degenhardt Sukanta Saha Carmen C. W. Lim Sergio Aguilar‐Gaxiola Ali Al‐Hamzawi Jordi Alonso Laura H. Andrade Evelyn J. Bromet Ronny Bruffaerts José Miguel Caldas‐de‐Almeida Giovanni de Girolamo Silvia Florescu Oye Gureje Josep M. Haro Elie G. Karam Georges Karam Viviane Kovess‐Masfety Sing Lee Jean‐Pierre Lepine Victor Makanjuola Maria E. Medina‐Mora Zeina Mneimneh Fernando Navarro‐Mateu Marina Piazza José Posada‐Villa Nancy A. Sampson Kate M. Scott Juan Carlos Stagnaro Margreet Ten Have Kenneth S. Kendler Ronald C. Kessler John J. McGrath 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2018,113(5):924-934
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M. Martin Jimenez A. Calvo Ferrandiz J. Aparicio Urtasun R. Garcia-Campelo E. Gonzalez-Flores M. Lazaro Quintela M. Muñoz Mateu C. A. Rodriguez Sanchez A. Santaballa Bertran J. M. Sepulveda Sanchez R. Vera Garcia J. A. Virizuela Echaburu M. A. Segui Palmer 《Clinical & translational oncology》2017,19(3):291-300
The coming into force of Directive 2001/20/EC represented a step forward in harmonising clinical trial regulation in European countries, guaranteeing a uniform protection of subjects participating in clinical research across Europe. However, it led to a disproportionate increase in the bureaucratization, and thus, it became evident that procedures needed to be simplified without detriment to patient’s safety. Thus, Regulation 536/2014, that repealed Directive 2001/20/EC, with the aim of decreasing the growing bureaucratization and stimulating clinical research in Europe, established simplified procedures, such as regulating a common procedure for authorising trials in Europe, the institution of strict assessment timelines, or the definition of new concepts, such as “low-intervention clinical trial”. The legal form of a Regulation allowed the norm to be directly applied to Member States without the need for transposition. By means of the new Royal Decree, the national legislation is adapted to make the application of the regulation feasible and it allows the development of the aspects that the Regulation leaves to national legislation. Both documents seek to stimulate clinical research with medicinal products to foster knowledge, facilitate transparency, and reinforce subjects’ safety. This will surely be the case, but with this revision, we will look at the novelties and key aspects that are most relevant to investigators and we will analyse the consequences for all parties involved in clinical research. 相似文献
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Sport Sciences for Health - Adherence of elderly population to physical exercise programs is scarce. Our objective was to identify perceived barriers and facilitators reported by obese older adults... 相似文献