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Modified-release opioids are often prescribed for the management of moderate to severe acute pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty, despite recommendations against their use due to increasing concerns regarding harm. The primary objective of this multicentre study was to examine the impact of modified-release opioid use on the incidence of opioid-related adverse events compared with immediate-release opioid use, among adult inpatients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Data for total hip and knee arthroplasty inpatients receiving an opioid analgesic for postoperative analgesia during hospitalisation were collected from electronic medical records of three tertiary metropolitan hospitals in Australia. The primary outcome was the incidence of opioid-related adverse events during hospital admission. Patients who received modified with or without immediate-release opioids were matched to those receiving immediate-release opioids only (1:1) using nearest neighbour propensity score matching with patient and clinical characteristics as covariates. This included total opioid dose received. In the matched cohorts, patients given modified-release opioids (n = 347) experienced a higher incidence of opioid-related adverse events overall, compared with those given immediate-release opioids only (20.5%, 71/347 vs. 12.7%, 44/347; difference in proportions 7.8% [95%CI 2.3–13.3%]). Modified-release opioid use was associated with an increased risk of harm when used for acute pain during hospitalisation after total hip or knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   
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Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.  相似文献   
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Approximately 10%-20% of the cases of acute pancreatitis have acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The infection of pancreatic necrosis is typically associated with a prolonged course and poor prognosis. The multidisciplinary, minimally invasive “step-up” approach is the cornerstone of the management of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Endosonography-guided transmural drainage and debridement is the preferred and minimally invasive technique for those with IPN. However, it is technically not feasible in patients with early pancreatic/peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) (< 2-4 wk) where the wall has not formed; in PFC in paracolic gutters/pelvis; or in walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) distant from the stomach/duodenum. Percutaneous drainage of these infected PFC or WOPN provides rapid infection control and patient stabilization. In a subset of patients where sepsis persists and necrosectomy is needed, the sinus drain tract between WOPN and skin-established after percutaneous drainage or surgical necrosectomy drain, can be used for percutaneous direct endoscopic necrosectomy (PDEN). There have been technical advances in PDEN over the last two decades. An esophageal fully covered self-expandable metal stent, like the lumen-apposing metal stent used in transmural direct endoscopic necrosectomy, keeps the drainage tract patent and allows easy and multiple passes of the flexible endoscope while performing PDEN. There are several advantages to the PDEN procedure. In expert hands, PDEN appears to be an effective, safe, and minimally invasive adjunct to the management of IPN and may particularly be considered when a conventional drain is in situ by virtue of previous percutaneous or surgical intervention. In this current review, we summarize the indications, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of PDEN. In addition, we describe two cases of PDEN in distinct clinical situations, followed by a review of the most recent literature.  相似文献   
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hepatic involvement is common in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. It is currently accepted that the direct and indirect hepatic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection play a significant role in COVID-19. In individuals with pre-existing infectious and non-infectious liver disease, who are at a remarkably higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and death, this pathology is most medically relevant. This review emphasizes the current pathways regarded as contributing to the gastrointestinal and hepatic ailments linked to COVID-19-infected patients due to an imbalanced interaction among the liver, systemic inflammation, disrupted coagulation, and the lung.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨驻景丸加减方对形觉剥夺性近视小鼠视网膜自噬的影响。

方法:C57BL/6小鼠30只随机分为阴性对照组、近视模型组以及中药干预组,每组10只。除了阴性对照组外,近视模型组、中药干预组小鼠均使用半透明EP管遮盖右眼制成形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)模型; 中药干预组灌胃驻景丸加减方混悬液0.546g/(kg·d)(0.15mL/d),阴性对照组、近视模型组灌胃等量生理盐水(0.15mL/d),共4wk。分别于实验开始、实验结束,使用带状检影镜测量小鼠右眼屈光度,A超测量小鼠右眼眼轴长度。实验结束时,取所有小鼠右眼进行检测,免疫荧光法定位和检测视网膜小胶质细胞标志物(Iba1)活性与迁移; 透射电镜观察视网膜色素上皮细胞中自噬小体形成情况; Western Blot、实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)检测视网膜组织自噬标志物LC3Ⅱ和p62蛋白定量及基因表达情况。

结果:实验结束时小鼠右眼屈光度示,近视模型组、中药干预组形成相对近视,近视模型组、中药干预组较阴性对照组显著降低(均P<0.01)。实验结束时,近视模型组、中药干预组眼轴长度较阴性对照组眼轴长度显著增加(P<0.01)。免疫荧光法定位和检测Iba1示,近视模型组视网膜中Iba1的平均光密度增加趋势最明显,阴性对照组增高趋势次之,中药干预组有降低趋势,近视模型组较阴性对照组显著增加(P<0.05),中药干预组较近视模型组显著降低(P<0.05),且发现近视模型组、中药干预组Iba1向神经节细胞层迁移。透射电镜示,近视模型组、中药干预组视网膜色素上皮细胞中观察到自噬小体。Western Blot法、q-PCR检测结果示,LC3Ⅱ、p62表达在中药干预组增加趋势最明显、近视模型组其次、阴性对照组最低。

结论:驻景丸加减方可能通过抑制小胶质细胞活化,增强FDM小鼠视网膜自噬。  相似文献   

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