Prediction of early (4-week) mortality in acute myeloid leukemia with intensive chemotherapy

The progress with intensive chemotherapy and supportive care measures has improved survival in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given the recent development of effective low intensity therapies, an optimal decision on the therapy intensity may improve survival through the avoidance of early mortality. We reviewed the outcome of 3728 patients with newly diagnosed AML who received intensive chemotherapy between August 1980 and May 2020. Intensive chemotherapy was defined as a cumulative cytarabine dose ≥ 700 mg/m² during induction therapy. We divided the whole cohort into a training and validation group at a 3:1 ratio. The population was divided into a training (2790 patients) and a validation cohort (938 patients). The median age was 55 years (range, 15-99). Among them, 442 patients (12%) had core-binding factor AML. Binary logistic regression identified older age, worse performance status, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated creatinine, hyperuricemia, cytogenetic abnormalities other than CBF and -Y, and pneumonia as adverse prognostic factors for an early 4-week mortality. This risk classification for early mortality was verified in the validation cohort of patients. In the validation cohort of more recently treated patients from 2000 to 2017, the 4-week mortality rates with intensive chemotherapy were 2%, 14%, and 50% in the low-, high-, and very high-risk group, respectively. The mortality rates with low intensity therapies were 3%, 9%, and 20%, respectively. The risk classification guides treatment intensity by the assessment of age, frailty, organ dysfunction, cytogenetic abnormality, and infection to avoid early mortality.     

穿透型参考电离室在立体定向放疗的相对剂量学中的应用

目的 探讨Stealth穿透型参考电离室在立体定向放疗的相对剂量学中的实际应用价值。方法 在IBABlue Phantom水箱中使用2种方法对于配备Brianlab圆锥形限光筒的VarianNovalis 6 MV光子射线进行相对剂量测定。第1种方法无Stealth穿透型参考电离室,单独使用SFD半导体电离室配合“Step by Step”逐点测量;第2种方法有Stealth穿透型参考电离室,使用SFD半导体电离室配合“Continuous”连续测量。测量内容包括直径4、15 mm限光筒下中心轴百分深度剂量(PDD)曲线和离轴剂量比(OAR)曲线并记录每次测量所需时间。结果 对于配备直径4 mm及15 mm的X刀限光筒的6 MV光子射线,逐点测量和连续测量所得的射野中心轴PDD曲线及10 cm深度处OAR曲线吻合度较好,差异在1%以内。连续测量PDD曲线及OAR曲线所需时间大幅缩短,较逐点测量平均缩短为13.1%和20.7%。结论 Stealth穿透型参考电离室在立体定向放疗相对剂量学中的应用可以在保证剂量结果准确性前提下大幅提高测量效率。     

Results From a Large,Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis On Radium223 Use in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) in the Triveneto Italian Region

Background

Radium 223 was introduced for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on the results of a randomized controlled trial showing risk reduction for death and skeletal events. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of patients receiving radium 223 in a real-world setting.