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R. Marzell G. Reichwein U. Gieler J. Kupfer C. Schut 《The British journal of dermatology》2020,182(5):1253-1261
瘙痒是许多皮肤病的主要症状,在某些科学研究中,研究人员想要有意触发志愿者皮肤瘙痒。在实验室环境中有不同的瘙痒诱导方法。一种可能性是通过使用弱电流将由身体产生的瘙痒诱导物质(称为组胺)转移到皮肤中。这种方法称为组胺-离子电渗,需要“直接皮肤操作”。 与此不同,“非皮肤操纵”方法是为志愿者提供与瘙痒相关的视听材料(例如,爬虫的幻灯片或视频)。 其他研究已发现瘙痒的体验也取决于患者的注意力。 德国的研究人员旨在通过本研究查明,通过视听材料诱发(触发)的瘙痒是否与下列两种情况下组胺-离子电渗诱导的瘙痒相当:在瘙痒诱导前不关注皮肤(研究 1a),以及在瘙痒诱导前关注皮肤(研究 1b)。 在研究 1a 中,所有 80 名受试者都休息 10 分钟。然后,其中 40 名观看瘙痒诱导视频,另外 40 名应用组胺。 研究 1b 与 1a 相同,但没有 10 分钟的休息时间,而是让所有 80 名受试者观看非皮肤瘙痒诱导视频,然后或进行组胺瘙痒诱导(40 人)或观看瘙痒相关的视听材料(40 人)。 通过询问受试者最重瘙痒的强烈程度以及诱发后瞬间瘙痒的强烈程度来衡量瘙痒。 研究人员发现,视听材料诱导的最重瘙痒与组胺诱导的最重瘙痒相当,但仅限受试者在瘙痒诱导之前观看非瘙痒诱导视频(研究 1b)时。 然而,当志愿者在瘙痒诱导前未关注皮肤时,组胺诱发的瘙痒实际上更加强烈(研究 1a)。 这表明,当研究人员希望在研究中使用瘙痒相关的刺激(例如视听材料)作为组胺-离子电渗的替代方法时,在瘙痒诱导之前吸引志愿者的注意力是很重要的。 本摘要涉及研究:通过视听刺激和组胺离子电渗诱导瘙痒:一项随机、对照、非劣效性研究。 相似文献
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Heald Brandie Hampel Heather Church James Dudley Beth Hall Michael J. Mork Maureen E. Singh Aparajita Stoffel Elena Stoll Jessica You Y. Nancy Yurgelun Matthew B. Kupfer Sonia S. 《Familial cancer》2020,19(3):223-239
Familial Cancer - Multigene panel tests for hereditary cancer syndromes are increasingly utilized in the care of colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis patients. However, widespread availability of... 相似文献
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Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is an increasingly recognized entity, and is usually associated with previous patellofemoral dysplasia or instability. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has evolved significantly in recent years, both in terms of implant design and importantly in the understanding of appropriate patient selection. This review outlines the indications and investigations for PFA, provides a brief history of the development of contemporary implants, and presents the clinical outcomes for the prostheses most commonly used in the UK. In addition, it provides a detailed surgical technique for implantation of an onlay implant, with tips on how to optimize patellofemoral biomechanics and thus achieve a consistently good outcome. 相似文献
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Objective Practical treatment of halitosis requires tongue cleaning since volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) seems mainly to be from the tongue coating. From this point of view, mechanical tools such as tongue brushes or scrapers have been developed. However, approaches by chemical tongue cleaning have not been reported. Thus we developed tablets containing protease from kiwifruits, which could resolve tongue coating, and assessed the effects of the protease tablet to control tongue coating.
Methods Crossover studies and double blind experiments were designed using volunteers with informed consent. The trial was done twice per volunteer, that is, they had a tablet with or without the addition of protease from kiwifruits (test and placebo) with intervening washout periods of at least 2 weeks. The degree of change in tongue coating was evaluated visually using a tongue coating score which consisted of an area component (0–3) and a thickness component (0–3). An image analyzer was also used to measure the changing in actual area of coating.
Results The average value of the tongue coating scores after taking a test tablet (11.4 ± 5.2) was significantly smaller ( P < 0.01) than before taking the tablet (18.8 ± 7.0). Image analyzer measurements also showed significant reduction ( P < 0.01) of tongue coating by taking test tablet. On the other hand, a placebo tablet showed no significant effects in both analyses.
Conclusions This study indicated that taking protease tablets could reduce tongue coating. We are planning further clinical trials that can show reduced VSC concentrations in mouth air with decreasing tongue coating. 相似文献
Methods Crossover studies and double blind experiments were designed using volunteers with informed consent. The trial was done twice per volunteer, that is, they had a tablet with or without the addition of protease from kiwifruits (test and placebo) with intervening washout periods of at least 2 weeks. The degree of change in tongue coating was evaluated visually using a tongue coating score which consisted of an area component (0–3) and a thickness component (0–3). An image analyzer was also used to measure the changing in actual area of coating.
Results The average value of the tongue coating scores after taking a test tablet (11.4 ± 5.2) was significantly smaller ( P < 0.01) than before taking the tablet (18.8 ± 7.0). Image analyzer measurements also showed significant reduction ( P < 0.01) of tongue coating by taking test tablet. On the other hand, a placebo tablet showed no significant effects in both analyses.
Conclusions This study indicated that taking protease tablets could reduce tongue coating. We are planning further clinical trials that can show reduced VSC concentrations in mouth air with decreasing tongue coating. 相似文献
6.
DTS Chang IA Thyer D Hayne DJ Katz 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(6):e23-e25
Australia has a large migrant population with variable fluency in English. Interpreting services help ensure that healthcare services are delivered appropriately to these populations. However, the use of professional interpreters in hospitals is expensive. There are also issues with service availability and convenience. Mobile devices containing software with translating abilities have promising potential to improve communication between patients and hospital staff as an adjunct to professional interpreters. It is highly convenient and inexpensive. There are concerns about the accuracy of the interpretation done with such software and more research needs to be carried out to support or allay these concerns. For now, clinically important and medicolegal related interpretation should be undertaken by professional interpreters whereas less crucial tasks may be performed with the help of interpreting software on mobile devices. 相似文献
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Novel chemical class of pUL97 protein kinase-specific inhibitors with strong anticytomegaloviral activity 下载免费PDF全文
Herget T Freitag M Morbitzer M Kupfer R Stamminger T Marschall M 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2004,48(11):4154-4162
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen frequently associated with life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients and newborns. The HCMV UL97-encoded protein kinase (pUL97) represents an important determinant of viral replication. Recent studies demonstrated that pUL97-specific kinase inhibitors are powerful tools for the control of HCMV replication. We present evidence that three related quinazoline compounds are potent inhibitors of the pUL97 kinase activity and block in vitro substrate phosphorylation, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) between 30 and 170 nM. Replication of HCMV in primary human fibroblasts was suppressed with a high efficiency. The IC(50)s of these three quinazoline compounds (2.4 +/- 0.4, 3.4 +/- 0.6, and 3.9 +/- 1.1 microM, respectively) were in the range of the IC(50) of ganciclovir (1.2 +/- 0.2 microM), as determined by the HCMV green fluorescent protein-based antiviral assay. Importantly, the quinazolines were demonstrated to have strong inhibitory effects against clinical HCMV isolates, including ganciclovir- and cidofovir-resistant virus variants. Moreover, in contrast to ganciclovir, the formation of resistance to the quinazolines was not observed. The mechanisms of action of these compounds were confirmed by kinetic analyses with infected cells. Quinazolines specifically inhibited viral early-late protein synthesis but had no effects at other stages of the replication cycle, such as viral entry, consistent with a blockage of the pUL97 function. In contrast to epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, quinazolines affected HCMV replication even when they were added hours after virus adsorption. Thus, our findings indicate that quinazolines are highly efficient inhibitors of HCMV replication in vitro by targeting pUL97 protein kinase activity. 相似文献
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EH Gemmill DJ Humes JA Catton 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2015,97(3):173-179